EMAIL ETIQUETTE Essay -- essays research papers fc

Email etiquette refers to a set of dos and donts that are recommended by business and communication experts in response to the growing concern that people are not using their telecommunicate effectively or appropriately. Since email is check of the virtual world of communication, many people communicate in their email messages the same way they do in virtual chat rooms with more than less formality and sometimes too aggressively. Email etiquette offers some guidelines that all writers can use to facilitate better communication between themselves and their readers. One boilers suit point to remember is that an email message does not have non-verbal expression to supplement what we are "saying." Most of the time we make judgments about a soulfulnesss motives and intentions based on their tone of voice, gestures, and their proximity to us. When those are absent it becomes more difficult to figure out what the message sender means. It is much easier to burst or hurt someon e in email and that is why it is important to be as clear and concise as possible.Electronic mail (E-mail) cannot regenerate personal fall into place. David Angell states that electronic email has many advantages, eliminates phone tag, breaks down the distance and time barriers of telephone calls and traditional written communication, shortens the cycle of written communication, improves productivity, creates flexibilityby reducing telephone interruptions. (Angell-Heslop 2). There is a tendency to be less formal or careful, which can sometimes provoke anger. Remember that direct, person-to-person contact is best for handling sensitive, difficult, complex, or emotional issues. Therefore, a company needs to implement etiquette rules for the following three reasons professionalism, by using proper email linguistic communication your company will convey a professional image, efficiency, emails that get to the point are much more effective than poorly worded emails, and protection fro m liability employee sentience of email risks will protect your company from costly law suits. There are many etiquette guides and many different etiquette rules. Some rules will differ concord to the nature of your business and the corporate culture. A few of these rules are to be concise and to the point, dissolver all questions, pre-empt further questions, use proper spelling, grammar & punctuation, answer swiftly, do not attach unnecessar... ...ensitive. If you dont understand a particular item, ask the sender for clarification before replying to an incorrect conclusion. In a reply, include the relevant parts of the original message for clarity, but keep the quotations to a minimum. Otherwise, simply attach the original message. Cite your information clearly and correctly, even if you are paraphrasing. When closedown an email always use a signature because it identifies who you are and includes means of contacting you, but keep it short.Remember that electronic email is about communication with otherwise people. When you compose an e-mail message, read it over before sending it and ask yourself what your reaction would be if you received it. Anytime spent on making out email clearer is time well spent.Works CitedAngell, David, and Brent Heslop. The Elements of E-Mail Style Communication Effectively Via Electronic Mail. Canada Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.Harris, David. Electronic Mail Etiquette. School of Computing. 1997. Queens University 14 July 2003 .Miller, Samantha. E-Mail Etiquette Dos and Donts and Disaster Tales from People Magazines Internet Manners Expert. New York Warner Books, Inc., 2001.

up yours :: essays research papers

Kristine BartasavichMy first day of Childbirth Education build was January 17th. The teacher first started out the class with any questions we had. Question such as if there is any other calcium supplements you could take instead of drinking milk manage viactive. She also asked how we were feeling at that point in our pregnancy. A lot of people had the same feeling they were scared about the labor. After we all talked she should us a video of women giving birth. During the video we saw womanhood who had their waters broken by a tool that looked like a crochet nettle. Another had an internal monitor were a wire was put onto the babies ear to keep a better track of the heart rate. As we watch the teacher passed around the things that were being used in the video.During my second day of class we learn breathing techniques and the option of anesthesia. We first learn the deep breathing technique that would relaxes us during our contractions. The deep breathing is breathing in throug h your wind and letting it out slowly through your mouth. When contractions begin and end we are supposed to take a deep cleansing breath witch is like deep breathing but breathing out normally at the end. We also learned high chest breathing where you take a cleaning breath if you have time inhale, then exhale as you say Hout. Are partners also learned how to help relax us by talk of the town to each other and eye contact or by a massage. If the breathing dose not help and are at lest 6cm dilated then you give the gate get Anesthesia witch is inserted into the back with a large nettle. A tube is taped to your back and anesthesia is injected into it through out your labor to num the deject half of you. For our third class we learned about cesarean birth. This only takes place if the mother or baby are going to be harmed and could die. An scribble is made through the wall of the abdomen and the uterus.

How to Train a Horse Essays -- essays research papers

How to Train a HorseTraining a dollar bill to climb up is hard work, it involves ground work, riding, and in both patience is very cardinal. In the next few paragraphs I will be explaining the steps needed to ready a horse.When you rootage start teaching a horse you want to start with doing the ground work. When you are doing the ground work such as leading, lunging, purifying, weft up the hooves, putting on the saddle, blanket, and bridal, and putting weight on the saddle, the ground work allows you know the horse and the horse also starts to know you. It is very important to have a good relationship with your horse because you want your horse to respect you and also know who you are. When doing these steps you should do them in order.First you should brush your horse. Brushing your horse is a very good way for you to let your horse know that you respect him or her. One token of brush that is utilize is a curry comb which is usually used to comb the mane and tail. Another type of brush that is used is a soft bristled brush, this type of brush is used for the body of the horse. You should always be careful when brushing the tail or the female genital organ of the horse. When you brush the tail you should stand to the side of the butt and pull the tail to the side, this will prevent you from being kicked. Second you should practice leading and lunging your horse. Leading your horse is just like taking your dog for a walk but when you lead your horse you want them by your side, you don?t want them in like manner far in front of you or too far behind you. When you lead your horse you should have a halter and a rope. Your rope should be long enough for you to lunge your horse, which is about 15 feet. When you are leading your horse you should never let the hors... ...hing good. The last step in training a horse is riding them in different places. The first thirty days of riding should be done in a round pen or riding arena. After you have done this it ?s clip to take them outside. Different types of places you should ride your horse is near the highway, in the woods, and in town. The first time you ride your horse in a refreshful place you want to be very alert because you never know what might spook your horse. After you have completed all the steps of training your horse should be ready for other people to ride. Training a horse is very hard work, the steps involved are very time consuming. Not every horse is the same, some may be smarter than others. The steps sound very simple, but actually doing them is very different. When training a horse patience is the key. I hope after reading this you have an idea of how to train a horse.

Ethical Education Essay -- The Importance of Education

Ethical EducationThe goal of education is to develop the highest direct of mental, moral and physical ability within students. Ethics are just as important as factual knowledge and physical well-being. Sadly, public schoolings in this country are against ethical expression of any kind. Ethics are a threat to the school system because they may encourage a need for change in the present standard of education, which is decidedly anti-ethical. In U.S. public schools, students are processed through a well-built machine designed to perpetuate the lieu quo. Any ethical conflict that a student might have is treated like a malfunction in need of repair. The present school systems prefers cold self-interest to any sense of compassion and I cerebrate that self interest is not a form of morality that children should be taught. in the public eye(predicate) school made me feel like a small and harmless individual, ranked somewhere in the middle relative to other students. On the regularise t ests, I always did well on the verbal section but I had trouble with the math section. My mediocrity in mathematics cursed my chances of comely the perfect well-balanced student that the system was looking for. I was restrained by grades because I thought that they were some profound measure of my life given(p) to me by the system. Of course, it is natural for an individual to have strengths and weaknesses, but the bulk of my daily life spent in that institution often left me with that feeling that I was average. Instead of being empowered by the school system, I felt a sense of helplessness to the problems of the worldly concern. How empennage I possibly change the world with my grade point average? What the public school didnt tell me was that not all historical figures of great im... ...lly deny their accomplishments and cherish those who made it on their own with little regard to anyone else. What public schools need are a strong focus on the highest form of ethical behavio r, which, in my opinion, is compassion. I believe that if compassion for ones fellow human being were encouraged from an early age in schools then it would affect society positively. We must(prenominal) become an open environment where all forms of ethics can be discussed by students and the teacher must encourage respect for all forms of moral thought. If we are taught that anyone can act on their concerns and change society then I think we can improve the system. The self-esteem and moral courage of every individual must be built up so that we can achieve a higher state of humanity. Works CitedKozol, Jonathon. The Night is Dark and I Am removed From Home. New York Touchstone, 1990

Analysis of the Oil Industry Essay -- Oil Rockefeller Petroleum Busine

Analysis of the Oil IndustryI.The Oil IndustryThe oil industry can not be discussed without mentioning the name tush D. Rockefeller. Rockefeller changed the business of oil distribution. In the 19th century Rockefeller began his humble beginnings with a small investment, along with two other partners, in the oil refining business. in conclusion Rockefeller upset at the direction of the social club bought out his partners. He was now buying into refining and developing kerosene and other petroleum-based products. He later named this company The pattern Oil Company which by 1872 nearly owned all the oil refineries in Cleveland. In 1882, Rockefeller took all his holdings and merged them into the Standard Oil depose. by means of smart business practices and some deception, Rockefeller was able to control three-fourths of the petroleum industry by the 1900s. After his retirement the company faced problems. (Rockefeller archive) The U.S. government believed that the Standard Oil Trus t was a monopoly and ordered its breakup much like the process that is taking place today with Microsoft.With the government eventually breaking up the trust into thirty-eight companies, the world of petroleum products was about to change. Few companies could survive. They lacked focus and sustainability, basically they required a strategic plan. When first broken up the companies needed to sever from their Standard ties while remaining a brand name that people recognized. With so much competition one company had to find an bounds over the other. They needed to be the low-cost leader in the industry. Out of this struggle is where three of the biggest oil companies emerged. They are Exxon, Mobil and band. With the breakup of the Standard Oil Trust also ... ...y be left at the bottom as they are now.In conclusion, of the three, ExxonMobil is the dominant company but must look out for the development company, Chevron.BIBLIOGRAPHYBPs Corp., Official Home Page www.bp.com.BPs Corp. 199 9 Annual Report, BP Corporation, 1999.Chevrons Corp., Official Home Page www.chevron.com.Chevrons Corp. 1999 Annual Report, Chevron Corporation, 1999.ExxonMobils Corp., Official Home Page www.exxon.mobil.com.ExxonMobils Corp. 1999 Annual Report, ExxonMobil Corporation, 1999.Haddadin, Haitham. Stock Crash Reminds Pros of 1973-74 bear market U.S. Market News, March 1, 2001.Park, Christopher. S. Korea, Russia agree to strengthen oil, float cooperation U.S. Market News, Feb. 27,2001.Yahoo www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr/jdrsrbro.html(3-1-01)Yahoo www.leegallery.com/perjune.html (3-1-01)

Analysis of the Oil Industry Essay -- Oil Rockefeller Petroleum Busine

Analysis of the Oil IndustryI.The Oil IndustryThe oil industry can not be discussed without mentioning the name crapper D. Rockefeller. Rockefeller changed the business of oil distribution. In the 19th century Rockefeller began his humble beginnings with a small investment, along with two other partners, in the oil refining business. ultimately Rockefeller upset at the direction of the smart set bought out his partners. He was now buying into refining and developing kerosene and other petroleum-based products. He later named this company The archetype Oil Company which by 1872 nearly owned all the oil refineries in Cleveland. In 1882, Rockefeller took all his holdings and merged them into the Standard Oil avow. by dint of smart business practices and some deception, Rockefeller was able to control three-fourths of the petroleum industry by the 1900s. After his retirement the company faced problems. (Rockefeller archive) The U.S. government believed that the Standard Oil Trust w as a monopoly and ordered its breakup much like the process that is taking place today with Microsoft.With the government eventually breaking up the trust into thirty-eight companies, the world of petroleum products was about to change. Few companies could survive. They lacked focus and sustainability, basically they require a strategic plan. When first broken up the companies needed to sever from their Standard ties while remaining a brand name that people recognized. With so much competition one company had to find an environ over the other. They needed to be the low-cost leader in the industry. Out of this struggle is where three of the biggest oil companies emerged. They are Exxon, Mobil and band. With the breakup of the Standard Oil Trust also ... ...y be left at the bottom as they are now.In conclusion, of the three, ExxonMobil is the dominant company but must look out for the growth company, Chevron.BIBLIOGRAPHYBPs Corp., Official Home Page www.bp.com.BPs Corp. 1999 Annua l Report, BP Corporation, 1999.Chevrons Corp., Official Home Page www.chevron.com.Chevrons Corp. 1999 Annual Report, Chevron Corporation, 1999.ExxonMobils Corp., Official Home Page www.exxon.mobil.com.ExxonMobils Corp. 1999 Annual Report, ExxonMobil Corporation, 1999.Haddadin, Haitham. Stock Crash Reminds Pros of 1973-74 bear market U.S. Market News, March 1, 2001.Park, Christopher. S. Korea, Russia agree to strengthen oil, splash cooperation U.S. Market News, Feb. 27,2001.Yahoo www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr/jdrsrbro.html(3-1-01)Yahoo www.leegallery.com/perjune.html (3-1-01)

Prediction of Stock Market Indices

Prediction of Stock Market Indices-Using SAS AuthorB. Siddhartha Reddy Abstract The SAS System has a powerful suite of tools for analyzing and prevision data taken either over a selected snip period. The paper concentrates more on Stock Market (NSE-Nifty, India) & its foretelling, by and large a risky venture. Knowledgeable investors base their predictions either on the basis of Fundamental Analysis, or Technical Analysis, or both. But most of the investors rely on the tips given by the experts for Stock Market Predictions.However there are many such models available such as Interrupted Time Series, Auto Regression (AR), Exponential Smoothening, Moving Average (MA), and Distributed Lags Analysis. The procedures FORECAST, ARIMA wreak entrust be illustrated. analysis, traditional cadence series analysis and machine learning methods. The analyzing and predicting of the indices is in one line-To reap returns sequence investing on the indication derivatives, baron derivativ es set aside investors the exposure to price movements of replete(p) indices through a single futures or options contract.Using index options, a very interesting kind of portfolio insurance support be obtained, whereby an investor gets paid only if the grocery index drops. If one does not want to bear index fluctuations in the coming weeks, then the index futures or index options can be used to reduce (or even eliminate) the consequent index exposure. This is cold more convenient than distress selling of the underlying equity in the portfolio. Thus, such prediction of indices would help the investor to play safe in the dynamic volatile market arena. Analyzing What?Analyzing the indices as in NIFTY MIDCAP 50, one can assign respective(a) trends the market has seen on day-to-day basis-the process which includes determining the trends underneath the data series (at a stretch of 13 years from 19972010) brought down from various secondary sources. Moreover, these trends can be use d to identify the patterns in the series and thus laying the foundation for aiming adopting a couple of iterative processes which entrust be explained in the following sections. Details of the data Observations-3282, Type-Daily Tools used SAS and Eviews. II.DATA FEATURES AND EXAMPLE The first step in cartridge clip series analysis, or any close statistical analysis for that matter, is to plot the data. However, unless the user knows what to look for in the plots this exercise is futile. Features of interest usually include Trend an overall long term up(a) or downward movement in the data. Do we handle this by differencing the data or fitting a low order polynomial in time? Seasonality a component of the series repeats periodically, for example, retail sales have a tendency to be high around November and December and lower tight-fitting the first of the year.Do we look at seasonal variations or put in seasonal indicator variables? Keywords forecasting, prediction, stock mark et prediction Time series analysis. I. presentation Stock market is the market for securities where organized issuance and trading of Stocks takes place either through ex channels or over-the-counter in electronic or sensual form. It plays an important role in channelizing capital from the investors to the business houses, which consequently leads to the availability of funds for business expansion.Determination of stock price considers that market is supreme and it discounts everything (economical, political and all related factors). It presumes that all the investors behave rationally and the value of the asset is estimated based on future expectations. Hence, with every new information, the future expectation of the market is apt(predicate) to change and consequently the stock prices. As the new information is erratic in nature so it influences the price in a random way. The mapping of this trend analysis is to enable the organizations/individuals improve their knack of tradin g their index options/futures in the available markets (NSE, BSE).The SAS technology helps the organization/individual to speed up the process of investing in this seconds market (changing over a period of seconds) and timely reducing the loss at all the levels in a trading process thus leveraging their portfolios. Why Analyze? Stock Market Investments are subjected to market risks and the returns are variable in nature because it is an obscure existence. Hence Stock Market Prediction is not a guaranteed one. It is based on certain analyses linked to the Macro & Micro economic factors or variables such as demand & supply.There are certain other analyses available such as fundamental Siddhartha Reddy. B is with IBS Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. Ph 91+9886768492,e-mailSiddhartha. emailprotected com Page 1 discrepancy is the variation additive or multiplicative (in which case we superpower want to analyze the logarithms of the data). Special events was there a strike sometime durin g the period? Does the time period include the dotcom bubble and the recession in 2008? Is there an effect of the identical or some other impingements?The features of the data determine which procedures are seize and identify those that are not appropriate. There are statistical checks available in the system for deciding, for example, the best approach for mannequin the trend. As an example, figure of speech 1 shows the change in the Index value of NIFTY MIDCAP 50 in INDIA. While not exactly steady, we can see an overall increase/ step-down in market with time. If we are thinking in terms of polynomials, it seems that at least a cubic polynomial might be needed to calculate the curvature in the historic data plot.The flexibility of high degree polynomials allows them to fit historic data well, but becomes a liability in forecasting in that such polynomials can, by their inherent flexibility, produce unreasonable increases or decreases as they are projected out into the future. Having checked with the seasonality and stationary test of the data, the logarithmic value of the data CLOSE (closing point of NIFTY) is taken and rechecked for the stationary test. If the data is a stationary, then the data is ready to model into a time series. The stationarity tests are done by using the Time Series Analysis in SAS, preferably The Fullers Test. Fig. Log change Flows (Data Series Obs 3282 Type Daily) The accuracy of the to a higher place forecast shown in fig 2 can be viewed in the fig 3 which shows the difference of the actual values and the predicted values of the market by considering the entire data of 13years at once and later on the same difference in case of the splitted represent. Fig 3 shows the statistics of differences in forecasting of the data the graph (trend) with split and without split. Fig. 3 Differencing of counted Data with Split & Without Split Thus, from Fig 3 it is evident that the data series has to be split as per the trends and seas onality available.Having inspected the trends available in the above data series, it is found that there are various trends in the market index (closing) and had resulted in the 10 splits. The entire project has been verified while considering each and every split that shows some or the other trend and/or the impact of global impacts such as the Dotcom bubble and followed by the nook in the year of 2008. The above impingements referring the dotcom bubble and recession are clearly observed globally and their impacts on the Indian Market are analyzed and assessed.It can be inferred that though Indian markets have shown a slight drift in its market during the above impacts, the overall effect of the recession on India is far negligible compared to the other developed countries (in reference to the BPO sector India at its best) and we can say India along with other Pan-Asia countries have stood back from such wallops. III. RELATED fetch The Time Series Prediction analyzes historic dat a and attempts to approximate future values of a time series as a linear combine of these historic data.In econometrics there are two basic types of time series forecasting univariate (simple regression) and multivariate (multivariate regression). These types of regression models are the most common tools used in econometrics to predict time series. The way they are applied in practice is that firstly a set of factors that influence Fig. 2 Log Transformed Forecast Siddhartha Reddy. B is with IBS Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. Ph 91+9886768492,e-mailSiddhartha. emailprotected com Page 2 (or more specific is assumed that influence) the series under prediction is identified.These factors are the explanatory variables xi of the prediction model. Methodology The methodology includes ? Collecting the Secondary data from the market sources such as National Stock Exchange (Nifty). ? Checking the seasonality in the data series (if any) and minimizing the same for an accurate prediction. ? Cl aiming the data series to be precise i. e. checking whether the data series obtained is stationary and raising the steps to make it a stationary series. Having checked with the stationarity, the data would be crisp and apparently ready to fetch a good forecast. Subjecting the resolution series into various models such as AR, MA etc. ? portent the index and plotting the change in behavior of the market indices which is a real time analysis. This will help analysts/investors to make good and accurate investment decisions. Limitations ? entrance fee to the markets real time data would be time variant and a slight change in the market may change the trend. ? Time series forecasting heavily depends upon the availability of the data. Long time series give the flexibility of verifying alternative models and choose the best. Exact modeling needs lots of experience and trend identification will be heavily depend upon this experience. ? Though the study gives a trend analysis it might not work in a uniform way for all the investors, therefore the behavior of the investor also plays a vital role in the modeling. ? The resultant analysis may work only for a specific period and may always subject to change depend on other externalities which will impact the economy of the country. ? Limited time may or may not fetch good results in implementation of the analysis since share market cannot be cracked in the real time. Fig. Forecasting System The Model Building and The Forecasting Process IV. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS The Performance analysis is been considered for the tenth split of the above data series since the entire paper concentrates on the Real-Time analysis of the NIFTY market, while comparing the predicted values with that of the Real-Time Index values and the same difference of Prediction is shown in the below Excel table. Fig 5 shows the graph (LCLOSE) for a time period of July 09 Feb 10 and is not stationary. It can be determined by just viewing its trend and mor eover the data is not moving in and out of the MEAN at equal intervals.However, the series clearly shows the trend with a non-stationary series. Such a trend does require a differencing while fitting into the model. Fig. 5 Log Transformed Close Values (LCLOSE) Siddhartha Reddy. B is with IBS Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. Ph 91+9886768492,e-mailSiddhartha. emailprotected com Page 3 The stationary series (ref fig 5) is best fitted into the AR Model (Auto Regressive Model) and is fitted for eightsome lags. Fig 5 shows AR (8, 1) since the parameter estimates show that The probability is 0. 221 which says that the series (LCLOSE) is more significant at lag 8 and the coefficient of the banner error is around zero (0. 0839) as obtained during the evaluation of the above model leading to the best fit than any other model. Fig 6 shows the statistics of fit of LCLOSE graph with RSquare as 0. 961 which says that the series is been fitted into the model with the 96. 1% of confidence with the adjusted R-Square of 0. 958 (almost same) and with the mean absolute error being almost zero thus leading to the best fit. Fig. 6 Statistics of Fit Fig. 8 Predictions and Data OverlaidThe predictions of LCLOSE in fig 8 are listed for the next 6 days 7. 8190 to 7. 8274 are the forecasted values of the NIFTY closing for the dates above 24th of Feb 2010 that is for the real time of the future. These values are checked with the real time closing values of the NIFTY MIDCAP 50 on the following days. Fig 9 shows the predicted values and real time values of the same. Fig. 9 Predicted Vs Real Time Values The reason for this best fit of almost 96. 1% is cod to the upward trend with the elevation of the data series which could make the prediction more accurate as it is a stationary.Fig. 7 96. 1% Confidence interval Forecast (LCLOSE) From fig 9 it is evident that the predicted value of the NIFTY MIDCAP 50 as 7. 8190 and can be arrived at 2487. 416 (anti-log of Predicted) which has just 4. 21 67 points of difference with the real time i. e. 2483. 20 which is a secondary data downloaded from the NSE site. The real time values for the rest of the periods are written manually and the difference is checked accordingly. V. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ? The above forecasts of the time series models clearly show the behavior pattern of the market (NIFTY MIDCAP 50) in the near future.One may or may not find a difference in the values of predicted to that of the real time. Fig 7 is obtained on this day of 24th Mar 2010 (the updated data) and the values of the above forecasted graph are fed into the jump sheet to calculate the anti-log of the same in order to come up with the predicted values for the NIFTY closing. ? There is always a possibility of certain standard errors in case of the time series analysis which may be found due to the absence of the best fit models than which are fitted above. Siddhartha Reddy. B is with IBS Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA.Ph 91+9886768492,e-mailSidd hartha. emailprotected com Page 4 ? Such and such above models namely AR do have some limitations which would result in an inaccurate prediction since these predicted values may sometimes have a huge difference with that of the real time values caused due to the external factors. These external factors can be 1. 2. Policies use by the GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. Variation in the rates such as ? Interest order. ? Fluctuations of Indian Rupee with the impact of other currencies. ? Foreign Exchange Rates etc. Unforeseen issues such as ?A sudden decline in the foreign markets. ? A variation in the chain of demand and supply. ? emergent attack by the outlaws. 3. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to take this opportunity to thank Prof. Prashobhan Palakkeel and Prof. Veena Bhat (faculties, IBS Bangalore) for their assistance in the concepts of Business Intelligence and statistical tools used in this research namely SAS 9. 1 & Eviews 6. 0 their ceaseless support has resulted in such a vulnerable & successful explore. This research paper would not been assertable without the untiring support provided by my family and friends.The input and guidance provided by other faculties have been invaluable. I would like to extent my gratitude to all these people. REFERENCES 1 www. nse-india. com (NSE National Stock Exchange, India) as a secondary data source for Nifty daily. 2 http//www. statsoft. com/textbook/time-series-analysis/ 3 http/webspace. qmul. ac. uk/dsgpollock/public_html/ covers /tseries/1trends. pdf 4 www. nse-india. com/content/fo/fo_NIFTYMIDCAP50. htm 5 Brocklebank, J. C. and D. A. Dickey (2003) SAS for Forecasting Time Series, SAS Institute, Cary, N.C. 6 http//nseguide. com/press-releases/nse-index-weightsbased-on-nse-daily-bhav-copy/ 7 http//www. hkbu. edu. hk/billhung/econ3600/application/a pp03/app03. html 8 http//webspace. qmul. ac. uk/dsgpollock/public_html/course s/tseries/8idntify. pdf 9 http//www. duke. edu/rnau/411arim. htm Model Selection is seldom Precise in Time Series modeling, because its An Art more Than a Science Siddhartha Reddy. B is with IBS Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. Ph 91+9886768492,e-mailSiddhartha. emailprotected com Page 5

Environmental Stressors Essay

The objective of the authors was to identify the psychosocial and environmental situationors which young people who fill excess education ar associated with. The authors conducted a query in Public schools located in Minnesota with the occupy of testing the psychosocial and environmental factors between people who have attend superfluous education and those who have not. The total number of adolescents who participated in the research was 121848. The findings revealed that the adolescents who had attended special education graveld higher levels of psychosocial and environmental problems compared to adolescents who had not.This paper aims at analyzing the clause Environmental stressors and emotional status of adolescents who have been in special eduction classes by Iris Wagman and Michael Resnick. Introduction. There has been an increase in the number of young people who receive special education, in recent days. This has been attributed to the increase in cases of physical a nd mental health disability. In the article being analyzed, the authors begin by giving statistics on the number of children who receive special education.They put this figure at ten percent of all children aged between six and seventeen, with another 750000 children being at risk of developing similar disabilities. According to Borowsky and Resnick (1998), bbetween 1976 and 1994, the number of adolescents who receive special education has risen from 3. 7 million to 5. 4 million. Funding for this education has in addition increased to $2. 32 billion from $373 million in a similar period. The high number of children who suffer from these disorders necessitates the need to improve the welfare of disabled people. writings review. The authors intend to investigate the difference in psychosocial and environmental factors experienced by adolescents who attend special schools in comparison to those who do not. As has been stated, this was necessitated by the grownup number of children w ho experience developmental disability. The increase in the number of students who attend special schools followed the passage of the Handicapped Children Act in 1975, which empowered the disabled children to entrance fee appropriate and free education. heretofore, there is limited information on the tabucome of special education on these students. This is due to the reason that most surveys that have been carried out in the past have ignored them. Most researches which have been carried out have focused on the welfare of young adults who have received special education. These studies have proved that most of them acquire employment after finishing high school and other training programs. Further studies of children with learning disorders have revealed that there is an association between child neglect and abuse, and learning impairment.However, the extent to which psychosocial and environmental factors which young people who receive special education experience has not been co nclusively researched. This is the major reason why the researchers carried out the research on the subject. Methods and procedures. In obtaining the data, all public schools in Minnesota participated, with the exception of one school. A questionnaire was minded(p) to 131000 students in public schools in grade six, nine and twelve. About 3% of the surveys had questionable accuracy and were thus excluded.According to Borowsky and Resnick (1998), the questionnaire had a completion time of close to an hour, and was designed at the reading level of fifth graders. The questionnaire was adjudgen with parental consent, and the students were also allowed to ignore any questions they did not wish to answer. This is commendable, since flexibility enabled the students to be prosperous with the questionnaire. This survey is carried out after every three years, which is consistent and enables results to be comparable. However, the authors do not describe the failinges of the use of questio nnaires as a source of data collection.According to Kothari (2005), qquestionnaires have many disadvantages and some of them include the fact that the questions are standardized, which impersonates the risk of misinterpretation by the respondent. Questionnaires do not also present the opening move of probing responses, which limits the extent to which a researcher can get an insight on the opinion of the participant. Another limitation of a questionnaire is that some people altogether present socially desirable behavior when answering them, which may limit the accuracy of questionnaires.Finally, open ended questions can generate long responses, and this may present difficulties in processing the data. These weaknesses should have been disclosed to people who will rely on this information for decision making. Results and data analysis. The results revealed that 14. 9% of female and 20. 8% of males had attended special education classes. The students who had attended these special classes had higher chances of performing poorly in academics, as compared to the students who had not attended these classes.Boys who had attended special education classes were quaternary times more in all probability to have difficulties in reading, compared to those who had not attended these classes. On the other hand, girls who had attended special education classes were six times more likely to have difficulties in reading, compared to those who had not attended these classes. Boys who had attended special education classes were three times more likely to have below middling grades, compared to those who had not attended these classes.On the other hand, girls who had attended special education classes were also three times more likely to have below average grades, compared to those who had not attended these classes. The students who attended special education classes reported higher instances of not living with their adoptive or biological parents. In the case for boys, 4 3. 9% of special education students and 31. 8% of children who did not attend special classes reported not living with their adoptive or biological parents respectively. On the other hand, in the case for girls, 42.4% special education students and 30. 2% of children who did not attend special classes reported not living with their adoptive or biological parents respectively. In terms of family violence, more than one and a half times as many boys and girls who had attended special education school, experienced family violence, compared to those who did not attend these schools. However of the students who experienced abuse, girls outnumbered boys by three times. The levels of emotional status varied between sixth, ninth and twelve graders.These findings reveal that the students who attend special schools experience higher proportions of non conventional and single parent households, compared to those who did not attend these schools. The findings also revealed that the students wh o attend special schools experience higher proportions of having family members with drug or alcohol problems. They suffered from poor emotional health and sexual abuse. However, female students suffered more than their male peers regarding sexual abuse.These findings are consisted with others which have been done in the past, which reveal that children of parents who either abuse alcohol or experience family violence, are likely to perform poorly as compared to those of families which do not experience these problems. The findings are particularly useful for groups which advocate for the rights of children or disabled people, since they frustrate the problems which such children experience. Summary and conclusion The authors have presented the research in an internationally acceptable format, though there have been a few weaknesses.The only weakness in the presentation of the paper is the lack of a clear hypotheses statement. Other weaknesses include the fact that the authors did not reveal the weaknesses of the use of questionnaire. The authors did not also give the weaknesses of the use of secondary sources of data when gathering information. They used academic journals to gather information, yet they did not mention the weaknesses of using them in research. Some weaknesses include the fact that there is no possibility of verifying the information gathered.Another weakness is that if the original journal was biased and the authors rely on it for writing the research, then it is likely that the research will also be biased (Kumar, 2005). These weaknesses should have been mentioned since they are useful for people who will use the research to make decisions. However the research has been encyclopaedicly covered. The use of academic journals reduces the chances of bias since they are written by scholars. The references represent a diversity of sources, a fact which makes the research more comprehensive and valid. This research can be used as a basis for futu re research.For instance, a future research can be carried out with the aim of finding out the causes of disparity between the levels of girls and boys attending special schools, who have been sexually abused.ReferencesKothari, C. R. (2005). Research methodological analysis Techniques & Methods. New York New Age Publishers. Kumar, R. (2005). Research Methodology A Step-by-step Guide for Beginners. New York SAGE. Borowsky, I. W. , Resnick, M. D. (1998). Environmental Stressors and Emotional Status of Adolescents Who Have Been in Special Education Classes. Archpediatrics adolesc Med Journal. Retriev

E-Marketing Essay

Considering the current volume of profits marketing business, its hard to rec either how young the internet marketplace is. While the timeline of internet marketing has been short, the cumulative events leading up to where we are now have impacted the entire humankind faster than any marketing revolution in history. Today, its hard to believe in having an organization which doesnt have some kind of online presence. When the internet was first introduced in the early 90s, the internet was treated as a tool for exchanging emails and digital information, but wasnt yet considered valuable for reaching customers. Soon, companies which had been consumption huge chunks of their marketing budget on offline list building, begin to realize that they could accomplish the same amour via email and for much less.Whatever the case whitethorn be, Nepal is still in the early phase of e-marketing and e-commerce. Only few people have access to internet, among those, very few use internet for busin ess purpose. to the highest degree of the people who have sack access are keeping themselves busy on social networking sites. But the positive aspect is that the number of people realizing and utilise internet as an e-commerce are continuously increasing.Human behavior and natures are so dynamic. We constantly want to change and our likes and preferences changes with time, trend and technology. Realizing this nature of human beingness and large increment in the number of internet users in Nepal, the founder of hamrobazar.com saw an opportunity and founded hamrobazar.com seven years ago. Hamrobazar.com is free online site which enables individuals as wellspring as companies to sell wide categorization of new or utilize product online. Hamrobazar.com is a site that has created a platform where both seller and buyers stooge interact with each other to buy and sell products and services.Hamrobazar.com is an e-commerce company based in Kathmandu, Nepal. Hamrobazar is one of the p opular sites in Nepal for free selling and purchasing of variety of new or used products. It offers its users an unaccented and trendy way to purchase wide variety of new or used goods online. A buyer pile choose a suitable product from the list of a large product variety and can purchase from the seller.People buy new products occasional or every week. All of us are buying new things every week. It can be a car, a book, a music CD, a DVD, mobile set, mobile accessories, services, toy and many more. But as time and technology changes, the products we purchase may get outdated or we may coveting to buy a different product. The reason to buy a new product or buy a different products could be several, change in technology, age of the product, malfunctioning of the product, wish to get updated with new product in the market, bought a product earlier that is not suitable and the list for reasons can continue. For all those who wish to sell their product and for all those who wish to purchase a new or a used product hamrobazar.com is the perfect answer. The ruff thing above all, it is for free. Hamrobazar member can login and sell their products for free.Hamrobazar.com is free online classified which enables individuals as well as companies to sell wide variety of new or used product online. Hamrobazar is visited by around 50,000 unique visitors who use the site for buying and selling purpose. Compared to newspaper classifieds, hamrobazar.com will provide more comprehensive detail and pictures thereof enabling consumer to choose better. Hamrobazar.com has created such platform where both seller and buyers can interact with each otherMission Statement and stated goals of hamrobazar.comHamrobazar.com does not await to have a predetermined mission statement, nevertheless, the basic mission and goals of the Company is to provide a perfect solution for selling the products for free. It also believes that internet is a great promotional vehicle as well as communica tion channel for connecting buyers and sellers. In general, hamrobazar.com has communicated that its mission is to influence technology and potential to provide the best buying experience on the Internet for free.Business Philosophy of hamrobazar.comDespite its increasing popularity, hamrobazar.com remains unremittingly focused on the costumers. Since, the main philosophy of hamrobazar.com is to help the web users to sell their products for free. It is constantly focusing on the customer friendly interface so that customers can enjoy their purchase on a trendy and an easy way.

Introduction to Philosophy Essay

Abstract It is very tempting for people not to think, to remain submerged in ingenuousness rather than aw be of it, to be carried along by the current of events rather than creating their destiny through thoughtful, indep reverseent choices (Chaffee, 2013). In this paper, the importance of ism is discussed in applicative terms. Why is it important? What purpose does it serve and what groundss do people have for pursuing an education in it? How can this affect my life?The major branches of philosophy, which ar Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Political & Social, Aesthetics andLogic, be also discussed along with the contributing questions specific to each branch and what each branch focuses on. philosophical Areas 3 philosophical Areas of Inquiry, face-to-face Relations and Application As stated by Cicero (n. d. ), Rightly defined, philosophy is simply the love of wisdom. The actual word philosophy is Greek in origin, and it is the building complex of two Greek roots philein, a Greek word for love, and sophia, the Greek word for wisdom. Taken together, they mean the love or pursuit of wisdom (Chaffee, 2013). thither are so numerous reasons genius wouldwant to study philosophy, and considering that we are all different, our reasons vary. philosophy agency liberation from the two dimensions of routine, soaring above the sanitary known, seeing it in new perspectives, arousing wonder and the wish to fly (Walter Kaufmann, n. d. ). Studying philosophy is a life-changing experience. It is impossible to unlearn something once you have discovered it, so upon your melodic theme beingness awakened, it cannot go back to sleep. This grants you the gift of having a new, more complete perspective of the world around you and of life in general.People are naturally inquisitive creatures. This is one of our biggest assets, as well as our biggest downfalls. Philosophy teaches you to think littlely about important issues. This is something that takes time, effort and practice. Thinking critically isnt necessarily easy, but the benefits are plentiful. The purpose of philosophy is to ask questions that penetrate the surface of life to confront the deeper currents lying beneath (Chaffee, 2013, p. 4).Due to there being so many different categories of philosophical questions to be answered and studied, there are s eeralbranches of philosophy with questions specific to them and certain methodologies used in search of answers. These branches are Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Political & Social, Aesthetics and Logic. Metaphysics Metaphysics is the study of the ultimate characteristics of reality or existence (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31).Bertrand Russell defines metaphysical philosophy as such, Metaphysics, or the Philosophical Areas 4 attempt to consider the world as a whole by means of thought, has been developed from the first by the union and conflict of two very different impulses, the one urging men towards mysticism,the other urging them towa rd science. Some of the major questions asked in this area of inquiry are, What is the nature of reality? , What is the nature of self? , How are the mind and body related to each other? , Do we have personal freedom or are our choices limited? , What are the arguments for and against the existence of God? , Is there life after death? and Does life have mean? The methodology used in Metaphysics has expanded so much over the years since Aristotle. angiotensin converting enzyme method used for answering questions such as these emphasizes the continuity of metaphysics with science.On this conception, metaphysics is primarily or exclusively concerned with developing generalizations from our best-confirmed scientific theories (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2014). Because of the difficulty answering some of these questions, some believe Metaphysics to be impossible. There is no current way to label a metaphysical statement every true or ridiculous, and therefore impossible to find out what they are (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2014). Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosophers Way Thinking Critically About dark Ideas (4th ed. ). stop number consign River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2014). Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/metaphysics/ Epistemology Epistemology is the study of knowledge. This identifies and develops criteria, as well as methodologies, for what we know and why we know it (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31). Some questions asked regarded epistemology are, What is truth? , Can we ever really know anything? , What Philosophical Areas 5 are the sources of knowledge? , What is the relation between truth and knowledge? and How can you increase your wisdom? This, Defined narrowlyis the study of knowledge and justified belief, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2014) or SEP. Now, this being said, there are sources of knowledge and justification in epistemology. These sourc es include perception, introspection, memory, reason and testimony. The limits to this branch of philosophy are skepticism, closure, relevant alternatives, denial, and moorean, contextualist & ambiguity responses (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2014). Citations Chaffee, J. (2013).The Philosophers Way Thinking Critically About abstruse Ideas (4thed. ). swiftness Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2014). Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/metaphysics/ Ethics Ethics is the study of moral values and principles. Questions regarding morals are things such as, How should we treat other people? , Is there a good life for humans? , What is the relation between moral values and religion? and How do we decide on the moral rightness of social issues? (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31). nonchalant ethical concerns in life can include any topicfrom capital punishment, euthanasia, lying, human rights, abortion, animal testing, cloning, slav ery and pornography, among several others. The purpose of having and studying ethics is a way for people to ensure that the decisions made are following a preset ethical code or guideline. Creating yourself to be a acute and knowledgeable person entails developing an enlightened moral compass that will guide your decisions. People typically rely on what they feel is right Philosophical Areas 6 when faced with challenging moral dilemmas.The but we feel is an unreliable moral guide(Chaffee, 2013, p. 35). Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosophers Way Thinking Critically About fleshy Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Political & Social Political and social philosophy is the study of social values and political forms of government (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31).What is the nature of justness? and What is the most enlightened government? are common points of inquiry from a political and social standpoint in philosophy. Political and social philosophy funda mentally takes a look at the various methods people should govern themselves.According to philosopher, Baron DHolbach, Politics must conform to the essence and aims of society, not to the passions of rulers. This means analyzing the values that the society should be based on, keeping in mind individual rights and justice. Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosophers Way Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Aesthetics Aesthetics studies looker, taste and art. Two very distinct questions that are specific to this branch are as follows What is the nature of beauty? and What is art? It analyzes efforts to progress to standards for beauty in all of its various manifestations. And it explores the nature and purpose of art in human affairs (Chaffee, 2013, p. 37). Have you ever hear of the saying, Beauty is in the eye of the beholder? Well, this is the branch of philosophy that examines how to identify principles of beauty . Other questions related to this asked in aesthetics are Are there Philosophical Areas 7 universal standards of beauty, or are they relative to cultural and individual taste? and Is there one core concept of beauty or many different concepts? Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosophers Way Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Logic Logic is the branch of philosophy that seeks to establish the rules of correct reasoning, clear understanding and valid arguments (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31). What are the logical principles of correct reasoning? and How do people use incorrect reasoning to reach false conclusions? are questions associated with this branch. In this branch of philosophy, critical thinking is one of the most important skills needed. Citations Chaffee, J.(2013).The Philosophers Way Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Thought Development Philosophy & Culture Religion, philosophy and culture are said to be the three pillars or elements of human reality. How does this pull out into thought development? What is the relationship between philosophy and culture? compared to the feet with which Man journeys towards his destiny, philosophy could represent the eyes that scrutinize that journey, and culture, the earth on which Man is walking during his concrete pilgrimage (Panikkar, 2000).Depending on ones approach to examining this matter, it may be difficult to separate religion from philosophy. For example, with an intercultural approach, it would not be possible, for religion and philosophy would both be dependent upon the culture. The reason that the two are inseparable sometimes is, according to Philosophical Areas 8 Panikkar (2000), Philosophy is but the conscious and critical accompaniment of Mans journeying towards his destiny. This journeying is called religion in many cultures. Citations Panikkar, R. (2000). Religion, Phil osophy & Culture.Retrieved from http//them.polylog. org/1/fpr-en. htm Personal Attachment to Inquiry Philosophical Areas 9 Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that sticks out to me the most and resonates closest to my innermost self. The runner up is metaphysics, because I do find myself questioning and wondering on the meaning of life and things of that nature. However, I have decided a long time ago that the meaning of life is specific to the person. Whatever it is that drives you, motivates you and keeps you pushing forward, that is your meaning your why. Epistemology fascinates me because of its questions regarding knowledge and truth.Just because we know something, does that make it truth? In the Taoist religion, the journey you embark on is to enlightenment. The purpose of Taoism is to find truth and to see the whole picture, the entire picture, for what it is. Not many make it to such a spiritual level such as that, but that is the reason for working so diligently intern ally. I have always admired Buddhist and Taoist for these reasons. As far as cultural influence on my decisions goes, I would have to require that the American culture does not have as much to offer (that I am seeking, at least) as other cultures do.I am proud of my heritage, but my culture is a different story. I feel like Im searching for something, yet cannot pinpoint what that something is. Hopefully by the end of this course I will have a better outlook and idea of what that thing is. References Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosophers Way Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2014). Retrieved from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/metaphysics/ Panikkar, R. (2000). Religion, Philosophy & Culture. Retrieved from http//them. polylog. org/1/fpr-en. htm.

How One Ought To Behave When Wronged Essay

manhood being good or evil by nature has long been subject to speculations. spot some schools of thought advocate that humanity is good by nature, some argue that man is innately evil. Perception of whats good and bad in like manner differs among cultures differing cultures have differing sets of morals and values. What may be frowned at in one region of the world could be tolerable in other parts. Labeling of a souls actions and reactions is dependent on a belief system that has been practiced early on.This paper will focus on one of those early advocates of man being good by nature and how thatgoodness should reflect in his dealings with souls whom he believes have defameed him. This paper will discuss the germs advocated by Chinese philosopher Mengzi c. 370-300 BCE or Mencius, who was a disciple of the Confucian school of thought that man is innately good. Mencius argues that man has an innate sense of morality, a born quality of doing what is good. His argument is summar ized in this statement Everyone has a stock ticker that is sensitive to the sufferings of others.The great kings of the past had this sort of sensitive heart and thus adopted compassionate policies. Bringing order to the soil is as easy as moving an object in your palm when you have a sensitive heart and put into practice compassionate policies. permit he give an example of what I mean when I say everyone has a heart that is sensitive to the sufferings of others. Anyone today who suddenly saw a plunder about to fall into a well would feel alarmed and concerned. It would non be because he wanted to improve his relations with the childs parents, nor because he wanted a good reputation among his friends and neighbors, nor because he disliked hearing the child cry.From this it follows that anyone who lacks feelings of commiseration, shame, and courtesy or a sense of right and wrong is not a human being. From the feeling of commiseration benevolence grows from the feeling of shame r ighteousness grows from the feeling of courtesy ritual grows from a sense of right and wrong wisdom grows. People have these four germs, just as they have four limbs.For someone with these four authorizations to claim incompetence is to cripple himself to say his regulation is incapable of them is to cripple his ruler. Those who know how to develop the four potentials within themselves will take off like a fire or burst fore like a spring. Those who can fully develop them can protect the entire land while those unable to develop them cannot even take safeguard of their parents. 1 It is clear that Mencius meant man to cultivate four values in order to be humane.By having a compassionate heart a heart of shame a heart of courtesy and modesty and a heart of right and wrong, can only a person reach his full potential in order to affect his family and society in positive and fruitful ways. In Mencius teaching of having a heart of compassion, he suggests that instead of entertaining prejudicious thoughts against those whom man perceived to have wronged him, man should strive to understand the other partys possible suffering that lead him to digress from the path of goodness. Man should tap into his inner self and bring forth compassion to understand and help the bad person.As for the persons becoming bad, Mencius argues that it is not the gaolbreak of his human nature, but of a void that is present in that persons life When we do not, by what we do, realize what we desire, we must turn inward, and go out ourselves in every point. When a mans person is correct, the whole empire will turn to him with recognition and submission. 2 By being compassionate, the wronged person shows the offender his understanding of the other persons pain, and his willingness to alleviate that suffering. If man is able to do this, society and humanity will flourish and further shell out of evil will be prevented.

Women S Rights

For so long women lease had the image of someone who was at home, cooking and cleanup spot and was weaker and submissive to men. As time passes the nuclear family promotes women having jobs rather then the men having the job in the family and women at home. After World War 2 you afford both men and women working in a family directly. And tied(p) when they have jobs there still mostly jobs like nurses or teachers. As my father grew up he sees that the image of a women changes and they start to break the stereotype.For example There has been womens basketball and soccer- established decades ago. Womens physique is also changing, which also breaks the stereotype, however it takes time to do that because women are stained with this image. The Womens rights movement is increasing throughout the years since my father was young. The social status in women is getting closer and closer to mens and even sometimes higher then men. Once they are in this position they have the need and want for more(prenominal) because they can. Once they have more gold etc. Inns can happen more easily for them. Women are able to act more freely and society, the limits to what women can and cannot due are getting roll in the hay loose every year which allows them to do more. For ex women were not even able to join the army but they were able to join the army and now recently a year ago they are able to join in the line of combat. Women are gaining more freedom exponentially, because with every boundary sleep with another two can be cut. Women were able to advance a lot in different careers and in court.Womens rights have been increasing because you have women in higher power asking now instead of lower class women. In conclusion it is easier for women now and the roles are much more different because they have broken stereotypical boundaries and achieved higher classes. Everyday women are taking a step forward into 100% equality. Every year women are unlocking more and more fields that women were not available to. If you kick around todays society you will see womens roles changing gradually.

Analysis of Distribution Channel of Reliance Communications

Table of contents Chapter run through Chapter No Executive Summary 07 1) Introduction to the subject 08 1. 1) Theoretical insane asylum 09 1. ) reappraisal of literature 10 1. 3) Review abstr influence 12 2) Introduction of the diligence 14 2. ) Overview of industry 15 2. 2) Company profile 20 2. 3) line of work relationship of the federation 26 2. ) assent sort out and products 30 2. 5) Milestones 32 2. 6) performance of order 47 3) Objectives of study & research methodology 50 3. ) Objectives of study 51 3. 2) Research methodology 52 4) information presentation, analysis & interpretation 55 4. 1) Data interpretation of retailers survey 56 4. ) Data interpretation of customers survey 57 5) Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations 61 5. ) Summary 62 5. 2) Conclusion 63 5. ) Recommendations 64 Appendix 66 Questionnaire 67 SWOT analysis 70 Market kit and boodle Bibliography Executive summary I have done my summer training project under RELIANCE COMMUNICATIONS LTD. .It is an integrated, convergent high capacity digital net prune, connecting people at affordable rates. Ranked 846 in 2008 Forbes orbiculate 2000 list of companies, this tele dialogue run company was a Dhirubhai Ambani brain child. OBJECTIVES The foremost objective of my work is studying the retailers behaviour so that the other main objective of my project to promote the product and attach the visibility of the product by dint ofout the market that I had been provided can be achieved. So far I had excessively done promotional activities through with(predicate) print media and also did market survey and try to fetch out that how the product is performing in the market and try to find out weakness of the product. METHODOLOGYResearch Type Exploratory, Descriptive Research Data Source Primary Data Research Instrument Questionnaires Type of Questionnaire Structured Sampling Unit Retailer Sampli ng system Judgmental Contact Method Personal Interview Sample size 90 Respondents FINDINGS Availability is at 23% retailers 60% Respondents are satisfied with beliefComm. Company is re altogethery strict in providing POP to retailers. Company is slow in providing claims pending on retailers. RECOMMENDATIONS Company should pay more attention towards advertisement Company should use its potential for dispersion purpose through regular survey, quick solution, replacement and by providing for credit. Company should work for the interest of retailers. It can tin new escapes on sales and both(prenominal) occasional schemes also. CHAPTER 1 groundwork TO THE SUBJECT 1. 1)Theoretical Foundation DISTRIBUTION EXPANSION is the reason behind the growth and sale of the company. To flourish a company needfully to have a market and a proper distri only whenion channel. It begins right from the birth of the product to the ultimate utilization. Distribution expansion doesnt mean that to incr ease the number of retailers in the market, but it intend the one who demands for assurance can get it easily. It also means to increase the market share f the company and to capture and search for new market. While expanding the market we should also keep on working to retain our old clients. Whole distribution act is very systematic and complex. A delay in supply or order can stop the whole working of the market.There are many constraints in the market viz. shortage, distribution line of work, non availability, communication gap etc. that should be removed. Here I am foc development only on one problem i. e. problem in distribution- How to remove it and help company in Distribution expansion. The whole task is oriented towards the retailers survey, checking the availability of reliance runny products, and what are their complaints regarding the company. In the project I tried to find out the answers to the questions like- why there is a gap in distribution process, why some( prenominal) retailers are not ready to deal in reliance, and why the company is losing its customers. 1. 2)Review Of Literature conviction communication theory Limited Financial and Strategic depth psychology Review Description credence Communications Limited (RCOM) is engaged in providing wireline and wireless and convergent digital ne cardinalrk across India. The companys parentage includes wireless, broadband, boorish communication, reliance world, internet data centers, carrier business and infrastructure business. RCOM service c all overs close 20,000 towns and 450,000 villages. The company provides services across the entire communication look on mountain chain including services and infrastructure for individual, enterprise, applications, and consulting. RCOM has recently launched digital television services for its customers.Global Markets Directs faith Communications Limited Financial and Strategic Analysis Review is an in-depth business, strategic and pecuniary analysis of doctrine Communications Limited. The get across provides a comprehensive insight into the company, including business structure and operations, executive biographies and key competitors. The hallmark of the report is the detailed strategic analysis of the company. This highlights its strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats it bets going forward. Scope Provides key company information for business intelligence needs. The companys strengths and weaknesses and areas of development or decline are analyzed. Financial, strategic and operational factors are considered. The opportunities open to the company are considered and its growth potential assessed. Competitive or technological threats are highlighted. The report contains critical company information business structure and operations, the company history, study products and services, key competitors, key employees and executive biographies, different locations and important subsidiaries. The report provides detailed monetary ratios for the past five yrs as well as interim ratios for the last four quarters. Financial ratios include profitability, margins and re childs plays, liquidity and leverage, financial position and dexterity ratios. Reasons to buy A quick one-stop-shop to understand the company. Enhance business/sales activities by understanding customers businesses better. Get detailed information and financial and strategic analysis on companies operating in your industry. Identify prospective partners and suppliers with key data on their businesses and locations. Capitalize on competitors weaknesses and target the market opportunities functional to them. Compare your companys financial trends with those of your peers / competitors. Scout for potential acquisition targets, with detailed insight into the companies strategic, financial and operational performance. Review Analysis pic Review Analysis pic CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRY 2. )Overv iew Of Industry telecom Industry in India history The telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. India has nearly 200 meg telephone lines making it the third largest interlocking in the world after(prenominal) China and USA. With a growth rate of 45%, Indian telecom industry has the highest growth rate in the world. History of Indian Telecommunications started in 1851 when the first operational land lines were laid by the government near Calcutta (seat of British power). squall services were introduced in India in 1881. In 1883 telephone services were merged with the postal system. Indian Radio Telegraph Company (IRT) was formed in 1923. afterward independence in 1947, all the foreign telecommunication companies were nationalized to form the Posts, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT), a monopoly run by the governments Ministry of Communications. Telecom sector was considered as a strategic service and the government considered it outperform to bring under s tates control. Growth The first wind of reforms in telecommunications sector began to flow in 1980s when the esoteric sector was allowed in telecommunications equipment manufacturing. In 1985, Department of Telecommunications (DOT) was established. It was an exclusive provider of domestic and long- aloofness service that would be its own regulator (separate from the postal system).In 1986, 2 wholly government-owned companies were created the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) for international telecommunications and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) for service in metropolitan areas. In 1990s, telecommunications sector benefited from the general opening up of the economy. Also, examples of telecom renewing in many other countries, which expirationed in better quality of service and lower tariffs, led Indian policy makers to initiate a change process finally resulting in opening up of telecom services sector for the private sector. National Telecom Policy (NTP) 1994 was the first attempt to give a comprehensive roadmap for the Indian telecommunications sector. In 1997, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was created. TRAI was formed to act as a regulator to facilitate the growth of the telecom sector. new-fashioned National Telecom Policy was adopted in 1999 and cellular services were also launched in the same year. Major Players The GSM sector is dominated by Airtel, Vodfone-Hutch, and supposition Cellular, while the CDMA sector is dominated by credence and Tata Indicom. Opening up of international and domestic long distance telephony services are the major(ip) growth drivers for cellular industry. Cellular operators get substantial revenue from these services, and compensate them for decline in tariffs on airtime, which along with rental was the main source of revenue. The reduction in tariffs for airtime, national long distance, international long distance, and handset prices has determined demand Service Providers Aircel assemblage pic Assam, Bihar, Chennai, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, north East, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, double-u Bengal, Kolkata, Delhi, Kerala, Karnataka, Andra Pradesh,UP(E), UP(w), Mumbai http//www. aircel. om Bharti Airtel Limited pic Delhi (Metro), Mumbai (Metro), Kolkata (Metro), Chennai (Metro), Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, North East, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh (E), Uttar Pradesh (W), West Bengal. http//www. airtelworld. com LOOP rambling Ltd. pic Mumbai (Metro) http//www. bplmobile. com Vodafone Essar Limited pic Andhra Pradesh, Chennai (Metro), Delhi (Metro), Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kolkata (Metro), Mumbai (Metro), Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh (W), Uttar Pradesh (E), West Bengal, Maharatshtra, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Jam mu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Assam, North East, Madhya Pradesh. http//www. vodafone. om Idea Cellular Limited pic Delhi (Metro), Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh (E), Uttar Pradesh (W). http//www. ideacellular. om reliance Telecom Limited pic Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Kolkata, Madhya Pradesh, North East, Orissa, and West Bengal. http//www. reliancemobile. com Spice Communications Limited pic Karnataka, Punjab http//www. spiceindia. om Datacomm - S Tel Ltd - Unitech Wireless Ltd - ByCell Telecommunications - Tata Teleservices Ltd pic - Etisalat DB Telecom Pvt.Ltd MARK ET SHARE Telecommunication sector in India can be divide into deuce segments Fixed Service Provider (FSPs), and Cellular Services. Fixed line services consist of basic services, national or domestic long distance and international long distance services. The state operators (BSNL and MTNL), account for almost 90 per cent of revenues from basic services. Private sector services are presently purchasable in selective urban areas, and collectively account for less than 5 per cent of subscriptions.However, private services focus on the business/corporate sector, and offer reliable, high- end services, such as leased lines, ISDN, closed user group and videoconferencing. Cellular services can be further divided into two categories Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). GSM Subscribers July 2009 Total GSM subscriber base reached 325. 0 million Service Provider Name Subscriber (Mn) Market Share (%) Bharti Airtel 105. 18 32. 9 Vodafone Essar 78. 68 24. 16 BSNL 50. 70 15. 57 IDEA 48. 2 14. 9 Aircel 23. 10 7. 09 conviction Telecom 12. 4 3. 94 MTNL 4. 33 1. 33 Loop Mobile 2. 5 0. 72 All India 325. 70 100 CURRENT MARKET SCENARIO creed Communications (formerly Reliance Communications Ventures) is one of Indias largest providers of integrated communications services.The company has more than 20 million customers and serves individual consumers, enterprises, and carriers, providing wireless, wireline, long distance, voice, data, and internet communications services through a number of operating subsidiaries. The company sells communications and digital entertainment products and services through its chain of Reliance Web man retail outlets. The companys Reliance Infocomm subsidiary provides wireless communications services throughout India. Reliance Communications is part of the Reliance indigo plant Dhirubhai Ambani Group. The current network expansion undertaken by Reliance is the largest wireless network expansion undertaken by any operator across the world. It was with this belief in mind that Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm) started position 60,000 road kilometres of a pan-India fibre optic backbone.This backbone was com agencyed on 28 December 2002, the auspicious occasion of Dhirubhais 70th birthday, though deplorably after his unexpected demise on 6 July 2002. Reliance Communications has a reliable, high-capacity, integrated (both wireless and wire line) and convergent (voice, data and video) digital network. It is capable of delivering a range of services spanning the entire infocomm (information and communication) value chain, including infrastructure and services for enterprises as well as individuals, applications, and consulting. Today, Reliance Communications is revolutionizing the way India communicates and networks, truly bringing active a new way of life.We will leverage our stren gths to execute complex global-scale projects to facilitate leading-edge information and communication services affordable to all individual consumers and businesses in India. We will offer unparalleled value to create customer delight and enhance business productivity. We will also generate value for our capabilities beyond Indian borders and enable millions of Indias knowledge workers to deliver their services globally. 2. 2)Companys profile Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is Indias largest private sector company on all major financial parameters. It has emerged as the only Indian company in the list of global companies that create most value for their shareholders, published by Financial multiplication based on a global survey and research conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers in 2004.RIL features in the Forbes Global list of worlds 400 best big companies and in FT Global 500 list of worlds largest companies. Reliance Infocomm is the outcome of late Dhirubhai Ambanis daydream of bringing somewhat a digital revolution in India that will bring to all(prenominal) Indians doorstep an affordable means of information and communication. Make the overlyls of infocomm available to people at an affordable cost. They will overcome the handicaps of illiteracy and lack of mobility, was how Dhirubhai, as he was fondly called, spelt out Reliance Infocomms mission in late 1999. He firmly believed the country could use information and communication technology to overcome its backwardness and underdevelopment.It was with this belief that Reliance Infocomm began laying its 60,000 itinerary kilometres of pan-India fibre optic backbone in 1999. The backbone was commissioned on December 28, 2002, Dhirubhais 70th birth anniversary, first since his sad demise on July 6, 2002. India s leading integrated telecom company. India s leading integrated telecom company Reliance Communications is the flagship company of the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (ADAG) of companies. Listed on the National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange, it is Indias leading integrated telecommunication company with over 85 million customers. Our business encompasses a end up range of telecom services covering mobile and fixed line telephony.It includes broadband, national and international long distance services and data services along with an exhaustive range of value-added services and applications. Our constant endeavour is to achieve customer delight by enhancing the productivity of the enterprises and individuals we serve. Reliance Mobile (formerly Reliance India Mobile), launched on 28 December 2002, coinciding with the joyous occasion of the late Dhirubhai Ambanis 70th birthday, was among the initial initiatives of Reliance Communications. It marked the auspicious beginning of Dhirubhais dream of ushering in a digital revolution in India. Today, we can proudly claim that we were instrumental in harnessing the true power of information and communication, by bestowing it in the hands of the common man at affordable rates.We endeavour to further extend our efforts beyond the traditional value chain by developing and deploying complete telecom solutions for the entire spectrum of society. A dream come true The Late Dhirubhai Ambani dreamt of a digital India an India where the common man would have access to affordable means of information and communication. Dhirubhai, who single-handedly built Indias largest private sector company virtually from scratch, had stated as early as 1999 Make the tools of information and communication available to people at an affordable cost. They will overcome the handicaps of illiteracy and lack of mobility. It was with this belief in mind that Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm) started laying 60,000 route kilometres of a pan-India fibre optic backbone.This backbone was commissioned on 28 December 2002, the auspicious occasion of Dhirubhais 70th birthday, though sadly after his unexpected demise on 6 July 2002. Reliance Communications has a reliable, high-capacity, integrated (both wireless and wireline) and convergent (voice, data and video) digital network. It is capable of delivering a range of services spanning the entire infocomm (information and communication) value chain, including infrastructure and services for enterprises as well as individuals, applications, and consulting. Today, Reliance Communications is revolutionising the way India communicates and networks, truly bringing near a new way of life. Vision Of The Company We will leverage our strengths to execute complex global-scale projects to facilitate leading-edge information and communication services affordable to all individual consumers and businesses in India. We will offer unparalleled value to create customer delight and enhance business productivity. We will also generate value for our capabilities beyond Indian borders and enable millions of Indias knowledge workers to deliver their services global ly. Corporate Governance Organizations, like individuals, depend for their survival, sustenance and growth on the support and grace of God of the communities of which they are an integral part, and must pay back this generosity in every way they can This ethical standpoint, derived from the vision of our founder, lies at the heart of the CSR school of thought of the Reliance ADA Group.While we strongly believe that our primary obligation or duty as corporate entities is to our shareholders we are just as remindful of the fact that this imperative does not exist in isolation it is part of a much larger compact which we have with our entire body of stakeholders From employees, customers and vendors to business partners, eco-system, local communities, and society at large. We evaluate and assess each critical business decision or choice from the point of view of diverse stakeholder interest, driven by the need to minimize risk and to pro-actively portion out long-term social, e conomic and environmental costs and concerns. For us, beingness socially responsible is not an occasional act of charity or that one-time token financial contribution to the local school, hospital or environmental NGO. It is an ongoing year-round commitment, which is integrated into the very core of our business objectives and strategy. Because we believe that there is no contradiction between doing well and doing right.Indeed, doing right is a necessary condition for doing well. Chairmans Profile Anil D. Ambani pic Regarded as one of the foremost corporate leaders of contemporary India, Shri Anil D Ambani, 48, is the chairman of all listed companies of the Reliance ADA Group, namely, Reliance Communications, Reliance Capital, Reliance Energy and Reliance inwrought Resources limited. He is also Chairman of the get on of Governors of Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat. Till recently, he also held the post of Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Indias largest private sector enterprise.Anil D Ambani joined Reliance in 1983 as Co-Chief Executive Officer, and was centrally involved in every aspect of the companys management over the nigh 22 years. He is credited with having pioneered a number of path-breaking financial innovations in the Indian jacket crown markets. He spearheaded the countrys first forays into the overseas capital markets with international public offerings of global depositary receipts, convertibles and bonds. Starting in 1991, he directed Reliance Industries in its efforts to raise over US$ 2 billion. He also steered the 100-year Yankee bond issue for the company in January 1997. He is a member of == Wharton Board of Over overtakers, The Wharton School, USA = Central Advisory Committee, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission == Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad == Board of Governors Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur In June 2004, he was elected for a six-year term as an independent member of the Rajya Sabha, Upper House of Indias Parliament a position he chose to resign voluntarily on frame 25, 2006. Awards and Achievements == Conferred the CEO of the Year 2004 in the Platts Global Energy Awards == Rated as one of Indias Most Admired CEOs for the sixth consecutive year in the Business Barons TNS Mode opinion poll, 2004 == Conferred The Entrepreneur of the Decade Award by the Bombay Management Association, October 2002Awarded the First Wharton Indian Alumni Award by the Wharton India Economic meeting place (WIEF) in recognition of his contribution to the establishment of Reliance as a global leader in many of its business areas, December 2001 Selected by Asiaweek mag for its list of Leaders of the Millennium in Business and Finance and was introduced as the only new hero in Business and Finance from India, June 1999. Board of directors shri Anil D. Ambani Chairman pic Prof. J Ram achandran pic Shri S. P. Talwar pic Shri Deepak Shourie pic Shri A. K.Purwar pic 2. 3)History Of Company pic pic The Times of India reported on 5th May that Reliance Mutual inventory has kept its position as Indias largest store house with assets crossing INR 48,000 crores. Reliance has the distinction of being the first Indian company to be named among the five hundred listed in Forbes. How did all this come about? Let us dig into the rags to riches story of Reliance. The one name associated with it from its foundations is Dhirubhai Ambani. What is Reliance? The Reliance Group is Indias largest business house with total revenues being more than $22. 6 billion. This is equal to 3. 5% of Indias GDP.Reliance contributes to 10% of Indias total indirect tax and 6% of her total exports. Reliance network of exports spread out to more than one hundred countries across the globe. What are the activities of Reliance? It is involved in oil exploration and production, gas refining and mar keting, petrochemicals, textiles, financial services, insurance, power, telecommunications and infocom initiatives. The names of Reliance and Dhirubhai Ambani go hand in hand. He was born on 28th December 1932, in Chorwad, Gujarat. He belonged to the Hindu Modh Bania community. Dhirubhai built Indias largest private sector empire, Reliance, and created an equity cult. His father was a schoolteacher.Dhirubhai started off by selling fried snacks to pilgrims in Mount Girnar during weekends. After school he became a dispatch clerk at A. Besse & Company. The latter became distributors of Shell and Dhirubhai was sent to manage an oil filling station at Aden. For some time he also worked in Dubai. In 1958 he re stooped to India with INR 50,000/- in his pocket. With this he set up a textile trading company. AThis was the first chapter of the story of Reliance. Aptly helped by his wife and two sons Dhirubhai diversified his interests to petrochemicals, telecommunications and information, tec hnology, energy, power, finance, capital markets and logistics. Reliance gave new dimensions to Indias equity culture.Till then the market had been dominated by financial institutions but with Reliance coming into the picture thousands of retail investors jumped into the fray by putting their trust in the name of Reliance. With innovative instruments like convertible debentures from the 1980s Reliance became a hot favorite in the Stock Market. Reliance was the pioneer Indian company to raise funds in the international markets. Only Indias sovereign rating restricted its high credit taking in international markets. The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry named Dhirubhai Ambani of Reliance The Indian Entrepreneur of the 20th century. The Times of India conducted a poll in which he was acclaimed to be the greatest creator of wealth in the 20th century.Thus we see that Reliance Industries Ltd was the brainchild and product of the labors of Indian business tycoon, Dhir ubhai Ambani alias Dhirajlal Hirachand Ambani. The story of Reliance makes fascinating reading. During the 1950s the administrators of Yemen discovered that a lot of their currency, the Rial, was disappearing through Aden because of a young man placing unlimited buy orders for Rials. The Rials, at that time, were made of pure silver and was greatly in demand in the London bills Exchange. Dhirubhai bought and melted the Rials and sold it to the London bullion traders. Within three months his work came to a halt but by that time he had made a few(prenominal) lacs.In the 60s Dhirubhai returned to India and started Reliance Commercial Corporation with a humble capital. The business was related to the import of polyester yarn and export of spices. The first address of Reliance was in Narsinathan Street in Masjid Bunder a small 350 sq ft joint with a telephone, table and three chairs and only two assistants. The family too managed in a one room flat. The fortunes of Reliance soon began to change. In 1966 the first textile mill was set up at Naroda using polyester fibre. He branded his products Vimal and thanks to intensive marketing, Vimal became a household name. Financial retail outlets were set up where only Vimal brands were sold.In 1975 a visiting World border team certified it to be excellent even by the standards of the developed world. The next step of Reliance was to enter the equity world. An equity cult came to be created. Nearly 60,000 investors from all parts of India placed their trust in Reliance IPO in 1977. Rural India and first time investors learnt to place its trust and funds in the name of Reliance. In 1982 Reliance Industries came up against a rights issue about partly convertible debentures. It was rumored that Reliance was making all efforts to see that their line of reasoning prices did not fall by even an inch. Ready to strike, a Bear cartel consisting of a group of stockbrokers from Calcutta began to short sell Reliance shares.Anothe r group, prosperous towards Reliance began to buy the short sold shares on the Bombay Exchange. The Bears were confident that the Bulls would soon run out of cash and be prepared for an understanding under the badla-trading scheme prevalent in the Bombay Stock during that time. But the tables came to be turned in favor of Reliance. Dhirubhai himself provided the required cash when the Bulls demanded a physical delivery of shares. The net result was that Reliance shares shot up from INR 152/- to 180/- within a few minutes. The market was in uproar with Dhirubhai as the uncrowned king. The Bombay Stock Exchange came to be closed for three full days.Authorities intervened and brought down the unbadla rate to 2/- with a ruling that the Bear cartel would have to deliver the shares within the next few days. The Bears bought Reliance shares from the market at higher price levels and most probably Dhirubhai himself supplied these shares and earned a healthy profit from the great adventure. Questions naturally arose around Reliance. How could a yarn trader within a few years cough up such huge amounts of cash during a crisis? Parliament began to face queries. The Finance Minister gave the information that a non-resident Indian had invested nearly 220/- million INR in Reliance from 1982/83. These had been channelized through many companies all registered in the Isle of Man. The strong point was that all the owners had the common surname or Shah.However, Reserve Bank investigations did not find anything wrong done by Reliance and its friends. Keeping its core in petrochemicals Reliance soon diversified its activities to telecommunications, information technology, energy, power, retail, textiles, infrastructure services, capital markets and logistics. BBC described it as a business empire with an estimated annual turnover of $12bn, and an 85,000- strong workforce. Reliance has the distinction of being the only public limited company whose many annual general meetings ha d to be held in stadiums with more than 350,000 shareholders in attendance. Success creates jealousy. Reliance had to suffer its share.Nusli Wadia of Bombay Dyeing group was once the biggest competitor of Reliance. Wadia was cognise for his clout in political circles during the time when the economy had not been liberalized. Competition took an ugly turn when during the seventies Wadia got a permission from the then Janata Party ruled government to build a DMT (Dimethyl Terephthalate) plant. Then Ramnath Goenka of Indian Express turned his pen against Reliance. It seemed that Goenka was using a national newspaper for his own soulfulnessal vendetta. But despite everything people did not lose faith in Reliance. Reliance ran into rough die hard also with the V. P. Singh government. The license for importing Purified Terephthalic Acid was cancelled.This was essential as a raw material for manufacturing polyester yarn. The first snapshot had paralyzed Dhirubhai but the second stroke spelt out the death sentence for him. He died in 2nd July 2002 leaving behind at the helm of Reliance his two sons Mukesh and Anil, wife and two daughters. His funeral was attended not only by big business and politicians but also by thousands of ordinary folks. He is an example of what a common person can do to help himself as well as the economy of his country. At the time of his death the Reliance group had a gross turn over of INR 75,000 crores from 70 crores in 1976/77. In 20003 Government of India issued a postal stamp (denomination 5/- INR) in Dhirubhais honour.Reliance began to flow through two channels after the death of Dhirubhai. Differences broke out between his two sons over ownership issues as well as private matters. It was expressed that this would have no impact on the functioning of the company it being a company managed aggressively by professionals. This is of great importance to the Indian economy as a whole. The wife of Dhirubhai, Kokilaben mediated for her so ns. Mukesh was awarded Reliance Industries and IPCL and this group came to be known, as Reliance Industries Ltd. Anil became head of Infocomm, Reliance Energy and Reliance Capital known as the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (ADAG) 2. ) Reliance Group and Products Looking back, looking forward Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, an offshoot of the Reliance Group founded by Shri Dhirubhai H Ambani (1932-2002), ranks among Indias top three private sector business houses in terms of net worth. The group has business interests that range from telecommunications (Reliance Communications Limited) to financial services (Reliance Capital Ltd) and the generation and distribution of power (Reliance Infrastructure Limited). Reliance ADA Groups flagship company, Reliance Communications, is Indias largest private sector information and communications company, with over 85 million subscribers.It has established a pan-India, high-capacity, integrated (wireless and wireline), convergent (voice, dat a and video) digital network, to offer services spanning the entire infocomm value chain. Other major group companies Reliance Capital and Reliance Infrastructure are widely acknowledged as the market leaders in their respective areas of operation. pic pic Reliance Mutual Fund Reliance Energy Ltd. pic pic Harmony Reliance Communications pic pic Reliance Life Insurance Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group pic pic Reliance General Insurance Reliance Portfolio Management Service pic Reliance Big Entertainment RELIANCE PRODUCTS ? Reliance Base Phone ? Reliance Mobile ? Reliance Data Card ? Reliance Voucher, E-Recharge ? Reliance PCO ? Reliance Broad Band 2. 5) Milestones 2008 pJanuary 12 ic Reliance Communications receives Start-up GSM Spectrum pJanuary 16 ic rube partners with Reliance Communications to provide Yahoo One Search for its CDMA and GSM customers. pJanuary 31 ic RCOMs Q 3 Net expediency increases by 48. 5 % and Revenues Up by 29. 8 %. Remains the most remunerative Telecom Company in India. pFebruary 4 ic Reliance Communications offers Lifetime Validity at Rs 199 RCOMs subsidiary Infratel files Draft Red herring Prospectus with SEBI pFebruary 5 ic Reliance Mobile strengthens its religious content portfolio on Mobile by tie-up with SadhanaTV pFebruary 14 ic RCOM in partnership with CanvasM, launches Mulitplayer Mobile Games pFebruary 19 ic HDFC Bank ties up with RCOM, turns every Reliance Mobile into a credit card pFebruary 27 ic Reliance Communications consolidates Global Telecom Business under Business Globalcom Reliance Communications forays into International Mobile Market with GSM License in Uganda. pMarch 3 ic Reliance Communications drops prices of Internet Data Cards p ic March 10 Reliance Communications announces ESOPs for over 20,000 employees pMarch 20 ic Reliance Communication s and HTC forge Strategic Alliance pMarch 27 ic Corporation Bank Launches Banking Services on Reliance Mobile World pApril 1 ic Reliance Communications forays into IT space, launches Reliance Technology Services Company pApril 9 ic RCOM launches Educational Portal on Reliance Mobile Phones pApril 25 ic Reliance Globalcom unit Reliance Infocom BV, Netherlands acquires Global WiMAX Operator eWave World pApril 29 ic Reliance Communications Announces Unlimited Free STD calls pApril 30 ic Reliance Globalcom Launches Passport Global SIM RCOMs Net Profit up by 70. % to Rs 5,401 crore pMay 2 ic Reliance Communications Net Profit up by 70. 8% to Rs 5,401 crore (US$ 1,350 million), Revenues higher by 31. 8% to Rs. 19, 068 crore (US$ 4,765 million) and EBIDTA increases by 43. 3% to Rs. 8, 199 crore (US$ 2049 million) pMay 12 ic Reliance Communications and Alcatel form fit Venture to offer Man agedNetwork Services to telcos across the globe p ic May 26 Reliance Globalcom acquires UK based VANCO Group Limited pJune 24 ic Reliance Globalcom, Stealth Communications forge Strategic Alliance to extend VOIP Network across 50 countries pJuly 12 ic CA Exam Results on Reliance Mobile pJuly 22 ic Reliance Communications Mobile Subscriber base crosses 50 Million pJuly 29 ic CA master copy Exam Results on Reliance Mobile pJuly 31 ic Reliance Communications (RCOM) announces its financial results for the first quarter ended June 30, 2008. Net Profit up by 23. 9% to Rs. 1,512 crore (US$ 352 million) 2007 pJanuary 10 ic Reliance Communications adds a record 1. 4 million subscribers in December 06 pJanuary 18 ic Reliance Communication launches unique Simply 2030 plan on Reliance Hello pJanuary 25 ic Reliance Communications promotes Roger Waters Music Concert pJanuary 29 ic RCOM shareholders approve tower business demerger with a 99. 9% overwhelming majority pJanuary 30 ic Overwhelming response to Reliance Worlds National Digital Elocution Competition pJanuary 30 ic Reliance joins Lenovo and Intel for Internet on the Move pFebruary 2 ic Reliance Communications market capitalisation tops Rs 1 lakh crore ( 1 trillion rupees or 24. 9 billion US dollars) on Bombay Stock Exchange pFebruary 16 ic Reliance Communications offers best value on roaming pFebruary 26 ic Search Jobs & Classified Ads from Reliance Mobile World Reliance Communications ties up with Naukri. com pMarch 6 ic Reliance Communications ushers in Virtual Global Conference Network pMarch 7 ic DHIRUBHAI AMBANI THE MAN I KNEW By KOKILABEN Book on Founder Chairman launched. pMarch 8 ic Reliance Communications launches Roam Jamaica on Reliance Mobile pMarch 16 ic Reliance Mobile launches Su no Zee pMarch 19 ic Demerger of Passive Infrastructure division Reliance Communications & Reliance Telecom authorise by the Bombay High Court pM