Top Two Issues Facing Community College Essay Example for Free

Top Two Issues Facing Community College EssayThis topic came up repeatedly as I was researching overcritical issues for higher facts of life in the fellowship college environment, the vo-tech training schools, and the four-year postsecondary schools. Grace Chen (2011) writes Community college leaders have not yet formed a consensus on what it means for students to be college ready, which could impact the quality of the education received. This is a bother is because the receiving institutions make the entrance requirement and the core subjects (math, English, reading) in these various schools use various tests/standards for placement of students. Also, for the community college, there is no guarantee that adult students will attend in cumulative semesters so there is much more re-teaching required.Community college students kindle be as young as 16 and still in high school very driven to attend a post-secondary environment, or they clear be a middle-aged person who is div orced, a single p arnt, just laid-off trying to gain some skills to re-enter the workforce. This major issue facing community colleges, according to this analyze, is finding the right incentives and support to keep students in school (Chen, 2011, Keeping Students in School, para.1). Arizona participated in a multi-state study that specifically looks at community colleges as the Road to Nowhere. Complete College America (2012) has a four step solution to close remediation exit ramps. These steps are strengthen high school preparation, start students in college-level courses with built-in, co-requisite support, embed needed academic help in multiple gateway courses, and encourage students to enter programs of study when they first enroll. conveyancingabilityWhile I knew in my experience as a K-12 educator that this is a concern I had no idea that it was considered a critical issue to the point of earning my honor of spot number two Working with credit transfer agreements (Dual Enrol lment, Articulation, Concurrent Enrollment) I am aware of the difficulty that community colleges have in tracking data for students. As part of a federal/state R-POS(rigorous program of study) team Im also aggressively aware of how difficult it is to get data from a community college.In addition to the above-mentioned reasons, there is a consensus that transferability is a very difficult problem in the community college environment. According to the College Board (2011), four-year institution leaders have been warned before about the need to enroll more transfers. One reason is because during recessions and economical declines high school graduation rates tend to decline. This is a typical time for a community college to increase enrollment. Despite considerable effort already generatedlevels of transfer from community colleges to four-year institutions can be improved (Pusser Levin, 2009, Executive Summary, para. 9)ReferencesChen, Grace. June 2, 2011. What are the Biggest Issues Facing Community Colleges Today? New Study has Answers. http//www.communitycollegereview.com/articles/354 College Board. 2011. Improving Student Transfer from Community Colleges to Four-Year Institutions The Perspective of Leaders from Baccalaureate-Granting Institution. http//advocacy.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/11b3193transpartweb110712.pdf Complete College America. April 2012. Remediation- high Educations Bridge to Nowhere. http//www.insidehighered.com/sites/default/server_files/files/CCA%20Remediation%20ES%20FINAL.pdf Pusser, Brian and Levin, John. December 2009. Re-imagining Community Colleges in the 21st CenturyA Student-Centered Approach to Higher Education. http//www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2009/12/pdf/community_colleges_reimagined.pdf

MySQL server Essay Example for Free

MySQL server EssayWhen a client connects to the MySQL server, the server uses the username provided by the client and the client host to select the appropriate account class from the mysql.user table. It then uses this row to authenticate the client. Before MySQL 5.5.7, the server authenticates the password provided by the client against the Password column of the account row. As of MySQL 5.5.7, the server authenticates clients using plugins. plectron of the proper account row from the mysql.user table is based on the user name and client host, as before, but the server authenticates the client credentials as follows The server determines from the account row which authentication plugin applies for the client. If the account row specifies no plugin name, the server uses native authentication that is, authentication against the password stored in the Password column of the account row. This is the same authentication method provided by MySQL servers older than 5.5.7, before plu ggable authentication was implemented, but now is implemented using two plugins that are built in and cannot be disabled. If the account row specifies a plugin, the server invokes it to authenticate the user. If the server cannot find the plugin, an error occurs. The plugin returns a status to the server indicating whether the user is permitted to connect.Whereas SQL host supports two authentication systems, Microsoft Access supports three. Unfortunately, three is not necessarily better than two, and the Access security system is not suited for large enterprise usage. The almost comm scarce used is Database Password. A database password is simply a password that Access prompts you to type in when opening the database. A database can have only one password. You cannot assign a different password to different users.

Effect of Politics on Airlines and Breweries

Effect of Politics on respiratory tracts and BreweriesThe Effect of Political Factors on the Airline Industry and the Brewing Industry, 2005Politics has a huge impact on all businesses, and the range of its influence is broad. Political factors include statutes which may be implement because of a UK governmental finish or a decision in Europe, or by the UK organism a signatory to an international agreement. Other command arises in response to issues such as terrorist threats.Other political influences include trade agreements, restrictions and opportunities arising from foreign governments policies or opposition groups in the form of political parties or pressure groups formed by the exoteric to address specific issues, who may challenge, delay or obstruct government plans.This essay looks at the impact of recent political factors on the airline and create from raw material industries.The Airline IndustryIn a speech delivered in June 2005, Derek Twigg, the Transport Minister o utlined progress on the Aviation White Paper. He recognised issues with capacity, particularly with recent increases in demand for low-cost flights (Twigg 2005).A fifth terminal at Heathrow Airport is being constructed, and special runways are planned at Stansted and Heathrow. However, there is opposition, focused on noise pollution, fuel pollution, the strain on roads and rail links to airports, and the final stage of countryside to accommodate airport expansion. The governments pursuit of its policies depends, stated Twigg, on the ability to meet strict environmental standards, and airlines increased expansion depends on sure-fire implementation of these policies.Energy PolicyThe UK government has secured a commitment from airlines to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, but this will require investment from the airlines. The constancy must strike a balance, spending on initiatives to become more than green in return for an infrastructure development polity from the government.TerrorismThe 9/11 terrorist attack on the US had nimble consequences, with a drop in demand. This has had particular impact in the US, where a number of airlines have survived but because of Chapter 11 of US bankruptcy laws, which allows take placed work with protection from creditors until profitability is achieved.United Airlines has been operating under Chapter 11 for 3 years. Delta and Northwest are entry Chapter 11, and will probably follow a similar policy to United, focusing on international flights and disposing of smaller planes used for domestic flights ( scope 2005). They will therefore continue to compete in the international market with protection UK airlines would probably be forced out of business if they were to find themselves in a similar position.US anti-terror legislation requires foreign operators to undergo an audit by the Federal Aviation Administration, and to have a Part 129 Licence. Demand for transatlantic charters has been difficult to me et at times, due to many carriers non having the necessary authorisation (Wastnage 2005). Meeting new legislative demands has an economical effect on businesses due to the additional financial and world resources required.Terrorist attacks in holiday resorts are considered by many to be a response to foreign policy, particularly that of the UK and US. Consumer response is to book a holiday in an area considered safe, rather than to forego the holiday altogether, suggesting that airlines nurseing holidaymakers should consider a portfolio of varied destinations.The instability of the market due to international politics has encouraged some airlines to carry out work through contractors (for example, Air Atlanta), who will provide aircraft and crew without the demand for the level of commitment required with an airlines own staff and aircraft investment.The Influence of EuropeThe UK is required to adhere to European laws which may affect airlines. For example, UK legislation is be ing broadened to encompass an EC directive on Age variation. From October 2006, hotshot of its effect will be to outlaw forced retirement before age 65 unless it can be justified (www.agepositive.gov.uk). Current practice at British Airways is to retire pilots at 55 as many transfer to other airlines, it would appear unjustified. Salaries are much higher for pilots with long service at BA and the effect of having to keep them rather than employing cheaper new pilots could affect profits.Iraq WarThe Iraq war has impacted on oil prices. It has been argued that the agenda behind the US/UK decision to go to war was oil-influenced, with the US increasingly reliant on Gulf oil and hence having a particular interest in control of oilfields in the region (Cable 2003).Airlines are particularly sensitive to changes in oil prices due to their large amount of fuel role, and all airlines have recently had to choose between reflecting rising fuel cost in ticket prices or accepting reduced pro fits.Global ChangeThe BRIC nations Brazil, Russia, India and China are set to become more economically influential in coming decades.China has recently removed the barriers to private airline companies. Domestic flights in China have increased by 20% over a year, which equates to 17,000 extra flights per month (Brown 2005), as planes replace trains as the preferred method of domestic transport. This generates business for aeroplane manufacturers but places additional demands on the world oil supply. It is also part of a larger trend of China engaging more with the global economy, with the consequence of boosting wealth and consumption among its population.The Brewing IndustryEnvironmental IssuesBrewing, as with airlines, is affected by green issues. In July 2005, the British Beer and Pub Association reported a continuing cutpurse in the energy used to produce a pint of beer to achieve double the industrys target, reducing CO2 emissions by 13.9% (www.beerandpub.com, press set fre e 16/2005). Although reducing emissions requires investment, meeting targets qualifies the industry for a rebate on the Climate Change Levy.Changes in Student FundingThe schoolchild market is classic to the brewing industry. Changes to student finances over the last 15 years have seen a switch from non-repayable grants to repayable loans to support study, with tuition fees added to student costs. This has not reduced student spending as might be expected. The average student spends 7000 per year and 70% of students have part-time jobs (Turner 2005). Debt is accepted as the average to meet study and living costs, with a wide range of lending sources available. Money for drunkenness is hence readily available, and R individuallystudents, an independent marketing consultancy, claims that 29% of student spending is on entertainment (www.reachstudents.co.uk), including drinking.Extension of Licensing HoursThe UK Government has proposed extended licensing hours in England and Wales how ever, legislation is being opposed by the Conservatives and LibDems as well as medical exam bodies and organisations working to reduce alcohol problems. Implementation in November is threatened which could affect permissions granted for Christmas and New Year and reduce takings during the most profitable trading period of the year (Wintour 2005).Smoking BanInitial plans to implement a smoking ban only in pubs where food is served have been changed in favour of an outright ban on smoking in all pubs (e.g. Carr-Brown 2005).Spirit is the UKs largest pub chain and owns brands including Chef and Brewer. It suggests a gradual transition to pubs becoming non-smoking, anticipating that an immediate implementation could result in 5000 pub closures and 75,000 job losses across all pub companies. The chain JD Wetherspoon has already begun introducing a complete ban on smoking in a number of its pubs. However, it has recently reported a 4% drop in profits, with an even higher figure of 7% amo ng its non-smoking pubs (Anon 2005). gorge drinkingBinge drinking is somewhat double-edged for the brewing industry. On the surface, the increase in drinking to excess would appear to bode well for brewing industry profits. However, drinking large volumes often takes place in conjunction with drinks promotions, where lower prices mean a higher quantity must be consumed to withstand the same profit.JD Wetherspoon, responding to a recent drop in profits, suggested that the proliferation of round drinking was keeping many consumers away from town centres and pubs (Anon 2005).Government policy on binge drinking has been criticised for its reluctance to take more extreme measures (e.g Plant 2004) however, there is pressure on the government to take steps to tackle binge drinking and the consequences for the brewing industry are uncertain. Could it open up a more profitable market by creating a more pleasant drinking atmosphere, further more people to drink moderately? Or could the amo unt drunk in the UK drop significantly, or measures be too little to impact on the current situation?Fuel PricesThe brewing industry is affected by the increase in fuel prices caused in part by the Iraq conflict, discussed previously. Transport and statistical distribution costs have been increased by the rise in fuel costs, and consumer spending is also impacted by increased petrol and diesel costs reducing disposable income.While world oil prices affect fuel costs to some extent, a far greater proportion of the cost of a litre of petrol or diesel is the tax both fuel duty and VAT which are set by the Chancellor domestic policy is having more effect than global oil price trends.ConclusionFrom the above, it can be seen that politics both in the UK and around the world impact on the airline and brewing industries in many different ways. While the industries can have some impact through lobbying the government, or by encouraging public support for industry-friendly policies, a signi ficant proportion of political influences cannot be impacted by the industry, and potential threats and opportunities must therefore be addressed in each organisations business strategy.BibliographyAnon (2005) Wetherspoon presses on with no-smoking pubs (Press Association) in The withstander September 3 2005Brown C (2005) Air travel recovers to spread its move above 9/11 clouds in The Scotsman 11 April 2005Cable V (2003) Saddams other weapon of mass destruction the potential economic fallout from a war in Iraq (from January 2003 lecture) www.lse.ac.uk/collections/globalDimensions/research/vcable.htmCambridge Marketing College (1999) Marketing Operations (BPP Publishing, UK)Carr-Brown J (2005) Total ban on smoking in pubs and clubs a step nearer in The Sunday Times, 9 October 2005Diageo plc (2005) Press release 1 September 2005 Preliminary results for the year ended 30 June 2005 at www.diageo.co.ukField D (2005) Delta and Northwest shelter from creditors in Flight International 20- 26 September 2005 (Reed Businss Information, UK) p10Hall W (2005) British Drinking A Suitable Case for treatment? Editorial in The British Medical Journal2005331527-528(10September)Meikle J (2005) Pub firm changes tack on smoking ban in The Guardian September 5 2005Plant M (2004) The alcohol harm reduction strategy for England in British Medical Journal 328 pp905-6 (17th April 2004)Turner S (2005) Drink in the aura in The Guardian, July 12 2005Twigg (2005) Speech on UK government aviation policy, 28 June, by Derek Twigg, Transport Minister www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_aviation/documents/page/dft_aviation_038580.hcspWastnage J (2005) Brokers split on effects of tighter US security in Flight International 13-19 September 2005 (Reed Businss Information, UK) p35Wintour P (2005) Minister cites support of police chiefs to head off licensing rebellion in The Guardian October 11 2005WebsitesBrewers continue to lead battle on emissions British Beer and Pub Association 28 July 2005 D ownload Ref 16/2005 www.beerandpub.com/download.asp?id_Doc=2121www.agepositive.gov.uk (Government website devoted to Age Discrimination Legislation issues).www.reachstudents.co.uk Student statistics and profile

Generation Y And Management Business Essay

coevals Y And Management Business EssayThis research is aimed at trying to spread over the Generation Ys employment related preferences, beliefs and attitudes as well as senior members and employers impression of this propagation. It is understood from previous researches that there be certain aras of configuration at bottom which this contemporaries so called Baby Boomers engender realigned themselves. It is however worth noning that, differences in opinion and perceptions within the generation have surfaced, symptomatic of the existence of negative stereotypes, biases and perception, and potential zones of divergence and even clash at the place of give-up the ghost. Some quantifys if these disagreements and negative perception are left uncontrolled, organizations go out certainly lose their competitive advantage.These elements are those that this study aims to develop in relation to shift of intellectset and stereotypes within our counseling platforms. Both of the B aby boomers and other generations at acidulate places should harness it requisite to reflect upon their own impressions recognizing the time bared schools of thought and embrace the and take affirmative stepladder towards remove.IntroductionThe Generation Y is expansively known as the ages born between early 1980 and the year 2000. This is a generation with unique characteristics. This is a generation known to be independent of mind, results oriented and confident. Although data engineering move upth and expansion began in the previous generation known then as Generation X, the Y generation was bring forth into an era dominated by technology and most often understands more in regards to the digital realness hence known otherwise as the Digital generation. They further are perceived to know more about information technology than their teachers and their parents.The generations enhanced technical know-how has thrown this generation into an age otherwise known as Global coloni zation that is accessible to everyone.This generation has caused a lot of changes within the management divide. Most of these are highly associated with the beliefs and the values of these generations that suggest different ideals in the playplace. According to Nagle, (1999), movement doesnt define life. This is a belief held by the Generation X. Generation Y on the other hand appears to associate itself with a work-environment or work-life that is balance with tractability and one which defines their position within the job.It is within these parameters that this study aims to find out the challenges presented to the today managers at workplace who must always recruit, train and regularly run this highly sophisticated generation of employees so that their wealth of creativity can be utilized by the comp any. In order to succeed in the time to come, it leave alone remain essential for organization and company managers to comprehend these new employees.Problem StatementMajorit y of the Gen. Ys focus more on their individuality, it is possible to plead that there exists very little relationship about the generation X and Y, their generation as a whole contains remarkably common characteristics. Generation Ys were begotten into an age of information technology, praise, resource and indulgence. This has resulted to a myriad of defining traits.This research seeks to provide a clear comprehension of the youngest generation in the management work presently. It seeks to examine their traits, what attributes attracts or motivates them to work with are associate themselves with an organization and what keeps them with a particular employer, manager or management, as well as their career aspirations and the impacts for employers exhausting to bring them on board, develop and retain them.Purpose and objective of the studyThe purpose of this research would be to test in detail establishing the followingWho are the Generation Y and their characteristics?How are th e Generation Y characteristics affecting the management systems?What is the relationship of the current management styles with the Generation Y?Significance of the StudyThis article considers the impact of the new generation of employees entering the hospitality workforce and the changes in management paradigms that go forth be required to madely recruit, select, train and motivate Generation Y to achieve the objectives of the company or the organization, presumptuousness the premeditated significance of manpower management (human resources) in creating competitive and sustainable service organizations. This research aims to analyze the current state of mind on Generation Ys job-related attitudes, values and behaviors and reviews the studies that have been carried out to the current date on the Generation Y in the work environment.Literature ReviewGenerations X and YTo better understand Generation Y, we first look at the preceding age group, Generation X, to de bournine how the 2 generations differ from one a nonher and how these differences affect the work atmosphere. Generation X is usually explained as the age following the baby boomers and born between 1961 and 1979. The term is based on a novel by Douglas C (1991) adults trying to discover themselves in society. Terri Nagle (1999) describes Generation X as, the most ignored, disheartened, misunderstood and disheartened generation that our country has seen in a long time. This generation grew up during the beginning of the technological revolution era. Home computers, PCs and the internet became widely their characteristic (Everet, Craig R. 2010) everywhere. The MTV generation began growing up in unstructured households, dealing with new issues of disease and trying to make it through the Cold War. Generation X learned how to avoid the mistakes of their parents and grow into a generation who values education, hard work, and the power of money. These characteristics are quite different than Generatio n Y.Generation Y is widely known as the generation born between 1980 and 2000. This generation is confident, independent, and goal-oriented. Although, technology advances began in the Gen X era, Generation Y was born into technology and often knows more about the digital world than their teachers and parents. The enhanced technological knowledge has launched this generation into an era that is accessible everywhere to anyone. Gen Y has high self-esteem they are the trophy generation that allows every electric shaver to get a medal or praise, leaving no one behind.The values and beliefs of these two generations suggest different ideals in the workplace. Generation X believes, work is a thing you do to have a life (work doesnt define their life), (Nagle, 1999). Gen Y on the other hand seems to want a work-life balance with flexibility to define who they are in their job. Generation Y presents a challenge to managers who must train and motivate this next generation of employees so tha t their strengths become a benefit to the company. Being able to understand new generations as they move into the work force will continue to be an adjustment for managers for years to come. To be successful in the future, it will be important for companies and managers to understand these new employees.Management StyleAccording to studies that have been done by other peers it is perspicuous that Generation Y workforce, management style was among the top motivational characteristics that Gen Y was interested in from an employer. They wish to be treated on an individual bottom and acknowledged, whether it is positive or negative. As one respondent stated, Acknowledgement is important. You are less likely to be motivated to do well if you are not acknowledged, whether you do well or not.A classic example of this is from the movie, Smith J et al (1999). The employees are all treated the same and when Peter Gibbons decides to change things in the office and do things his way. Instead of getting fired, he gets a promotion. Peter stepped out of the monotonous workforce and decided to create a motive work environment. Another way for managers to increase the motivation on Gen Y workers is to challenge them at their daily tasks. Work can easily become boring and un-motivating to an employee who is constantly doing the same thing every day. To combat this, managers can assign different tasks to the employee allow them to work on different projects and to keep an exonerated mind to how the employee can bring new and motivating ideas to the company. As another study participant noted, When an off the wall idea isnt immediately shot down, I am more encouragedGen Y employees are motivated when given the freedom to work as they please. These employees do not want a manager heavy them what to do at every second, but they do desire regular feedback. They prefer a guiding hand to a micromanager. Employees want to know if they are doing the job well and if theyre not, it i s up to the manager to help train and motivate them to be the best they can. Gen Y needs be motivated through constant reward and recognition. Because of their short attention span, recognition and rewards must arrive quickly, (Nagle,1999).Role of Managers in handling Generation YA very important intention for managers is to create mentorships within the company. This allows the senior employees to reach out to the Generation Y employees and offer them advice and counseling in a new environment. This is a very successful way for Gen Y to learn about the values of the company, as well as gain insightful knowledge in an industry that is foreign to them. cardinal of the respondents gave an example of this by stating Direction is important. You want to have a good mentor that will give you a sense of direction rather than having you aimlessly reaching. Gen Y is not a generation that can remain happy without seeing the significance of their work. Wandering aimlessly and never seeing th e end results of their work leaves them frustrated and unmotivated. As one respondent stated, Why work on something if you have no idea what the benefit will be from efforts. This is why colloquy is one of the most important aspects of dealing with Gen Y. If they feel their job has a sense of purpose, they stay motivated and open to direction and leadership from mentors. Employees who are open-minded are more apt to grow and develop in their industry. Ideas and knowledge can be transferred successfully through generations as long as everyone is open to new and old ideas and can find a way to build them into the daily office routine.It is crucial for managers to understand that Gen Y craves continued education from their colleagues. They seek challenging tasks and have a desire to gain knowledge by working with the employees around them.MethodologyResearch DesignThe survey method is will be used to investigate the level at which the characteristics and behavior of the Generation Y h as impacted the management systems. According to Mugenda, (1999) and Mbweza, (2006), survey research seeks to identify what macro number of people think or feel about certain issues. Given that the total number of respondents (comprising of the the youth through the social media, teachers and local leaders) is 150, this is relatively a large number of study sample compared to the study area to qualify this as a survey. (Moreso, Orodho, 2003) and (Mbweza, 2006) indicates that surveys are used to describe some aspects or characteristics of human population such as opinions, attitudes, believes or even knowledge of certain phenomenon. This study still fits as a survey as it seeks to find out and describe what the respondents know about Generation Y and overall generational shift, its benefits as well as its demerits as regards to management systems within companies and organizations twain corporates and medium sized organizations.Target PopulationThe target population will comprise teachers, youth representatives, local leaders, managers and a sample of those within the social media network. Teachers will be targeted as they are perceived to understand and posses a lot of information as regards the youth and overall generational change and associated management kinetics when they teach and interact with the young generation who majority of them fall within the generation Y. It is thought therefore that they may have very important information that may help in this study. The youth representatives will also be targeted as they are the people who are so into the system and causing the management dynamics due to their characteristics of the workplace.Sample selection and sample sizeTo select a representative sample, a tec must have a take frame (Mugenda, 1999). This is a directory or index of cases from which a sample will be selected. The researcher will select a list of representatives from the target groups within the location of study. According to Orotho, (2005), sampling is a process of selecting a sub-set of cases in order to draw a conclusion about the entire set. Therefore the researcher will have three representatives of the target population.The representatives will be expected to fill questionnaires, take part in interviews from their areas of work while those who are not employed will be requested to accompany the researcher in carrying out survey. The researcher will strive to formulate questions that will be given to the sample selected among the users of the social media networkData collection instrumentsThe study will use questionnaires, pore groups discussions and interview method to obtain data from the respondents. Questionnaires method will enable the researcher to collect a large amount of information in reasonably quick space of time (Orotho, 2005). However, because of the importance of interviews in allowing the researcher to investigate and prompt things that we cannot observe (Wellington, 2000), they will be us ed on all respondents. Hence the interviews will enable all the respondents to give their account of situations which they have lived, gone through or seen. Interviews will also enable the researcher to acquire detailed information from the respondents. To obtain this in-depth information from the youth representatives and teachers, interviews will be best suited for this purpose. The interview will also be used to collect information from the teachers and the managers because their number is relatively manageable.Pilot StudyBefore compile the actual data, the researcher will carry out a pre-test on the questionnaires to enhance reliability of the instruments (Mugenda, 1999). The pilot study will enable the researcher to refuse any ambiguity in the questionnaires. These instruments will be piloted within the College staff who will not be included in the actual study.However, according to (Wiersma 1985), interviews and focused group discussions will not be piloted as they are verba l instruments that are used in the presence of the investigator who may correct any ambiguity that may exist in the questions by simply rephrasing the particular questions.Validity of the InstrumentsAccording to (Mbweza, 2006) Validity refers to the extent to which a test or instrument measures what it was intended to measure. The questionnaires in this study will be validated through application of content validity. Gay (1981) identified that content validity is a matter of judgment by the researcher and the professionals. There is no way it can be computed and there is no way it can be verbalized quantitatively (Gay 1981). Hence the researcher will carry out deeper reviewing of the instruments with colleagues in order to enhance the validity of the instruments. The researcher will also consult widely from the project supervisor and other departmental and non-departmental lecturers for comments and suggestions which he will consider and incorporate in order to validate the questio nnaires.

XML Query Routing in P2P Systems | Paper Critique

XML research Routing in P2P Systems Paper CritiqueCritique onXML Query Routing in Structured P2P Systems(Leonidas Fegaras, Weimin He, Gowtham Das, David Levine)Rahul RayineniThe merged peer-to-peer lucre is a decentralized architecture which consists of monumental number of nodes that shargon entropy and resources with former(a) nodes. They wont a distrisolelyed chop up table to determine the location of data. The nodes in structured P2P systems maintains a list of neighbors so that they from a overlay network in which lookup time for a key take logarithmic number of routing hops between peers. They offer better availability and scalability than unstructured P2P systems scarcely the main difficulty in use these systems lies in data consecratement and interrogation licking as queries are more complex. If the queries are not properly optimized routing and processing takes lot of time. This paper demonstrates somewhat data placement, querying, and indexing large data rep ositories distri exclusivelyed over an existing DHT based P2P systems like pastry (Reference 4 and 6).According to Leonidas Fegaras, Weimen He, Gautam das, and David Levine, There are lot of preliminary proposals like XPath lookup queries in P2P net workings(Reference1) and Locating data sources in large Distributed Systems(reference 3) on indexing and querying XML data distributed data over a P2P network but there is no work reported on complex XML query processing with full text search that uses data synopses to selectively route queries to peers.The mannequin proposed in this paper is implemented on DHT-based P2P system Pastry (Reference 4 and 6). But this framework squeeze out be implemented on either P2P infrastructure. This frameworks works on summarized data namely structural synopsis and data synopsis for mapping XML queries. The high query routing precision, low data placement and low sustainment overheads are achieved through unused data synopses structures. This fra mework gives more accurate evaluation of textual and expressment constraints in a query compared to bloom filters.The publishing process makes the enrolments available to other peers while unpublishing is removing the document by the stimulateer. If the peer wants to update the document first it will unpublish the document and later publish it again to resound the document updates. According to Leonidas Fegaras, Weimen He, Gautam Das, and David Levine, The XPath syntax is modified to add the predicate e S, where e is an arbitrary XPath expression that returns true if at least from the sequence returned by e matches the search stipulation, S. A search specification is an IR-style Boolean keyword query that takes the formterm S1 and S2 S1 or S2 (S)where S, S1 and S2 are search specifications. A term is a keyword that must be present in the text of an element returned by the expression e.The label path of an XML document consists of child/attribute steps and apprize distinguis h non-empty set of data nodes in the document. There are two types of data synopses utilise in this framework in which sensation is content synopses that contain structural summary nodes associated with bit matrices. The second whiz is positional filters which are bit vectors consists of internal structure summary nodes and their positions. To achieve good load balance with sm alone number of nodes structural summary teaching and data synopsis are distributed over the existing P2P network. This framework is capable of finding all executable structural summaries applicable to the query with one DHT lookup.The content synopses consists of index terms along with their positions. Index terms are formed breaking the document in to simple terms. The position of the index term depends on the position of its begin/end get behinds. The position of the elements tag depends on the number ofthe begin and end tags antedate the elements. So index terms of a same element consists of same p ositional range. The positional bit vector consists of all the positions of the document.According to Leonidas Fegaras, Weimen He, Gautam Das, and David Levine, The search specification e t1 and t2 for two terms t1 and t2 becomes true if and still if there is at least one document node returned by e that contains both terms. exploitation one-dimensional term bitmaps alone, such as bloom filters, and checking whether both the t1 and t2 bits are on, will give us a prohibitive number of false positives.The amount operation in this framework is containments filtering, CF(F,V) which test element containment. Here F is positional filter and V is a bit vector. The output of the above go bad is new positional filter F. In the bit vector V, if there is at least one bit is on with in this range it copies all the bits in F to F.Data placement involves placing of structural summary and data synopsis. The structural summaries are routed to every peer using every distinct tag name. Thus, wi th a single DHT lookup we seat able to find out all structural summaries matching the structural footprint of the query. The label path of data synopsis is used in placing it. Since Multiple documents consists of label path , the synopsis from these documents is placed at a single peer. Thus with single DHT look up we can locate all the documents. Query routing involves collecting and filtering documents all the way. The triples(peer, document, positional-filter) are used as communication between the peers. They contain id of a matching document and owner of the document along with the document positions. At each peer size of the list is reduced by removing the documents whose positional filter are zeroes.The network updates like node arrival, departure and failure are handled by novel methods when the node arrives the overlay network, it invokes the Pastry method notifyReady() and start sending and receiving messages. It receives all the information like structural summaries and d ata synopses from its predecessor. Similarly when a node decides to leave the network, it routes all its structural summaries and data synopses to its successor and leave the network. This can be do using one single message. When peer doesnt find a matching structural summary the predecessor node may be failed. In this fount peer chooses another tagname and search request to other peers to find structural summary. The Id of the failed predecessor is used to check for the node failure. If the predecessor is failed it will abort the query and scan the list again for the documents and send a message to publisher to publish the data. The main advantage of this method it will abort that one query at a time and data synopsis is restored that is associated with the failed peerThe closest work to this is done by L.Galanis, Y.Wang, S. R.Jeffery, and D.J.DeWitt. locating data sources in large distributed systems.(Reference 3). In this framework, the distributed indexing targets location of data sources which is different from the framework in this paper. The structural summaries are similar to the one that are presented in this paper. Here they use the tag name of the element that contain the text as search key which is contrary to the framework in this paper in which text was down in the mouth before indexing and label paths are used as keys. They dont address the indexing cost also. According to Leonidas Fegaras, Weimen He, Gautam Das, and David Levine, the framework proposed by Galanis (Reference 3) is more suitable for data-centric XML data rather than to document-centric ones, since the later may include large text portions inside specific tag names, which results to the routing of large parts of document to the same nodes. Another related framework is by A. Bonifati, Xpath Lookup Queries in P2P Networks. WIDM 2004. in which XML data fragments are indexed based on their path. The search key is the hash value of its path. This framework final result simple Xpa th queries in one peer hop. The drawback of this framework is it requires additional hops to retrieve complex data fragment. Also this framework doesnt support XPath predicates. There are other distributed summaries for XML data like XSketch(Reference 5) which is used in selectivity estimation than in query routing. In the paper presented by J.M. Bremer and M. Gertz on distributing XML repositories (Reference 2), the structural summary is used as a global scheme to show how XML data are fragmented and distributed over the network.My opinion of this paper, it provides best framework for XML routing in structured P2P networks. The data synopsis and content synopsis used for indexing are better than regular bloom filters. The framework maps a query with full-text search into a distributed platform that migrates from peer to peer. The index terms used in this framework are label paths which are better single tag names used in the previous frameworks for routing XML data. The containmen t filtering of this framework is efficient in addressing the containment relationships between predicates in a query. It can find all structural summaries of a query using one DHT lookup. It can handle complicated XPath queries using structural summaries. The network updates are handled effectively using novel methods which are very crucial in structured P2P networks. The data placement strategy gives load balancing in the system. The framework is easily scalable and it can be implemented on top of any existing P2P infrastructure.ReferencesA. Bonifati, et al. XPath Lookup Queries in P2P Networks. WIDM 2004.J.-M. Bremer and M. Gertz. On Distributing XML Repositories. WebDB 2003.L.Galanis, Y.Wang, S.R.Jeery, and D. J. DeWitt. Locating Data Sources in Large Distributed Systems. VLDB 2003.Pastry. http//freepastry .rice.edu/.N. Polyzotis and M. Garofalakis. Structure and Value Synopses for XML Data Graphs. VLDB 2002.A. Rowstron and P . Druschel. Pastry Scalable, Distributed Object loca ting and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems. International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms 2001.The Motorcycle Diaries An AnalysisThe Motorcycle Diaries An AnalysisDuring these novels it can be seen how important is the priming in there, whether historical background and cordial one were deeply connected in the way the plot was developed, creating contrast and grammatical construction about that current time in both stories. Besides, make up they were written in different years they are a critical informers about the lack of moral in the the Statesn club in the 20s and in the other hand, the scotch situation in Latin-America -specifically in South America - the poverty that took part during the 50s and in some way also modified thought process and performance of that society.In a very short review, The Motorcycle Diaries tells the trip of two friends the 29 years old Alberto Granado and the main and later revolutionary lawsuit the 23 years old Ernesto Che Guevara, both university students of medicine that travel from Argentina to Venezuela, go passing from Chile, Peru and Colombia.Here the criticism of the hearty in retributiveices of exploited mine workers persecuted communists, ostracized lepers, and the derelict descendants of a once-great Incan civilization are the main themes of the novel.Opposite to The Motorcycle Diaries, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, tells the story of Jay Gatsby, the Buchanan Family and Nick Carraway, the narrator of the story. The novel shows how the American society of the 20s recreated in the New York city was unwrapped in an environment of luxury, individualism, shallowness and appearances, all reflected in each of the characters in the plot of the discussion and at the same time are part of what Fitzgerald always idolized and wanted to get for himself.However, it is very important to remember that both stories were written in order to show to the reader deep situations that Fitzgerald like Guevara were involved with, trying to face them and leave a moral maybe.According to Che Guevara this trip was not only another experience gained during youth but also made of him another completely person in his spiritThe person who recognizes and polishes them, me, is no longer, at least Im not the person once was (). Our America with a capital A, has changed me more than I thought (Page 16).But what are the experiences that made of him a totally different person, as it was mentioned previously, the poverty of this continent, the one of he belonged and the political practices far away of the real needs of wad changed his view of the emotional state.According to Guevara the hospitality of Chile To equalise in Chile means invite (to a house) page 101 because in contrast with Argentina, Chile did not suffer the mix-up between Creoles and the Saxons that lived in the south in that country creoles and Indians lived together in distances of each others. The lack of opportunities that Chilean people had for having a better life style was reflected and also how the lodge, reflection of society in general, disapproved the other people conditions coexisting in that way a kind of a mutual bitterness between the people who is a little bit better than the other one who lived in bad conditions, and the ones who are under the standard level of quality of life between the other people over their living conditions whose reproach themand become a purely negative factor in the struggle for life, and consequently, a bitterness for healthy members of the community who resent their illness as if it were a personal insult to those who have to support them. (Page 70)Continuing in Chile and according to different issues that took part in the stay in this country specifically in Valparaiso, they could find lots of social problems that the established establishment during that time did not solve, like the overcrowding and the almost inexistence of economical b ooster for the community exposed in the following mentionis time that politicians and put less effort wasting time in the goddesses of their propaganda and more money, ( ), for closure the work in social profits. (Page 72).Moving forward in the story, the corruption, deceive, and the naivety of police and common citizens were involved each other. Moreover, placed in the North of Chile, Chuquicamata, they met a couple in the desert night who were communist, and where the men told them about the time he was in jail due to his political tendency while the woman, his wife, followed him sledding their child with someone else until they got some money. This situation was particularly hard and sad for both Alberto and Che Guevara for the last one added(The couple) was the living image of proletariat in any place around the world (page 77)and according to Guevaras words being communist was considered like a sin while. That spirit produced the long for something better in the future, at le ast that was what the couple expected to get at the end, but is it worth putting your life in risk, in a work place where you can get a pulmonary disease and even dye, an leaving somebodys children alone just because of ambitions?At this moment at the beginning of the end, Granado and Guevara leave Chile for freeing on with their objectives at the north of this continent and something else, even this is the goodbye of this long and narrow country Guevara keeps talking about the social differences evidenced and experienced by them and most of all, how the more powerful people in the history of this country, and in most of the countries for sure, applied his vigour over the rest of the common people immortalized inthe act of Valdivia represents the never deny effort of the men for achieving a place where to exert his irrefutable authority (page 85).Finally, some reflections written tell now the social situation of Chile, like he said in the whole South America and even worse. First of all the lack of awareness of health in everywhere, streets, hospitals and also in Chile existed low opportunities for working and the people thereby, Chile showed a lower quality of life than Argentina, and no mattering those previous features of this isolated country, the life can be easily carry in the way people work hard and, of course, they do not belong to the communist party.While they were in Peru they could experienced that most of Peruvians believed that Argentina was like the land in which peoples dreams were made come true, and not only Peron was great but also Evita (Perons wife), where everything was good just because the Indians were not punished by the white man.Guevaras life, consciously or unconsciously, went around the pursuit of social justice, corruption and democracy. Since they started their journey and specifically when they arrived in Chile they were focussed in different issues that embodied those moral behaviour in people and in the particular idiosyncr asy due to, nevertheless they went all over Chile, they could identify the cultural characteristics between southern and the more north people.And being in Peru they could be aware about their same life philosophy and ideals. However, some believes of those friends were not jut part or applicable in hierarchical relationships but also in the more typical important ones between the community itself.When we unbroken on the route, the old Indian took off from his clothes a very appetizing corn and he offered it to us. Quickly we realized that he democratically dissever into the same share out of the corn. (Page 115).In the same way, the emphasis of people who had been fired because of their political thinking, it is also an issue that must be not only for reader be aware of that but also Ernesto Guevara as itself and most of all to understand what was happening on that time oppression against who were apposite to the government believes. Those situations were reflected in the couple of Chuquicamata and Puno a Peruvian indigenous who was expelled of the government due to the already mentioned facts. Summary from this fragment can be assumable during that decade South America was overwhelmed by the power of its leaders.Moreover, Punos words reflected about that current situation between the conqueror who have the nation and the forced ones who were trying to do their best in order to obtain what belongs(ed) to them however, Guevara had interpreted those words like offensive to the Inca people to themselves, so at that moment more than a potential Marxist el Che seemed an anarchist against everything and everyone that subjugated to other, the Incas in this opportunity. At this moment, Guevara showed himself like a critical thinking person and at the same time a dreamer with unaccented aims for his life and for the other too.The Great Gatsby , like The Motorcycle Diaries, presented in its plot a social issue during the 20s, placed in America the story locomote th rough the high society.The lack of values like honesty, friendship, loyalty, love, among many others is present into those peoples hearts. The well known American dream evoked the worst part of people for both the upper class and the recent one. But this is not just a fiction and successful story whereby, the story itself was yet the reproduction of that society involved in individualism and shallowness. Therefore, that reality was embodied by Fitzgerald in this book.Throughout the story a big number of themes can be deeper developed. every(prenominal) character is different to the other but all of them share the same behaviour, laying each other, being aware of appearances, and making the other pay for their own mistakes.Finally, whereas Gay Gatsby, the main character of the novel, it is important to focus on his personality and his life was developing since he worked to the rich man and then when he met Daisy and the goals in his life made them strong. After that, during the re union with Daisy he showed for once one hundred percent honest and that proved the power of his dreams, which they came true partly but consequently, made of him a totally different person, ostentatious, layer and criminal and finally triggered his dead.For concluding, both novels are recognized by the whole globe, like inb Time magazine publisher on June the 14th of 1928 (page 5) due to his relation with the historical and social context in which both were written. The Motorcycle Diaries novel revealed the poverty in Latin American and in the other hand The Great Gatsby reflect the high American society before the Black Thursday in which the American dream was the symbolical icon of this society. Thereupon, some reflection can be drawing assuming that no matter how much money somebody have do not define what people are and there is plenty of evidence for that when Guevara told about the poor economical development in Latin America, however, he and Alberto could did their trip beca use the peoples help in most of the places they arrived. Opposite to that reality, Americas financial situation seemed good as well as the comfortable life for Americans, but if Guevara and company had decided do their journey to America they would certainly had to give up to that odyssey, because people were not as generous as the one in the South.Expression totally foe can be contrasted quickly, in order to understand the huge and deep feelings and thinking that separates our main characters. Expressions like proletariat and bourgeois page 125 can be easily found in the Latin American novel and that represented the social communist tendency of the writer. But in accordance to the social context of Fitzgerald novel, we can find lots of quotations which named luxury, fashionable, exuberant, money, and so on. So it can be easily to reader identify the environment in which this two celebrate plays were written.But as it was mentioned before, is it worth leave important thing away from you just for getting a dream?, or not just things but also people like leave your children them suffering in a place instead leave your dreams that make them suffering in a place where their dreams did not care at all. The best examples for each ones are the life in Valparaiso and Chuquica-mata. Or putted it in another way, is it worth to fight for a dream that maybe never would become real, until putting your life in danger, like Gay Gatsby did it with not worthwhile people like Daisy and most of all, the characterization in Great Expectations suggests that money causes people unconsciously to isolate themselves from the rest of the world. Here you can reflect by yourself.

Evaluation of Booz Allen Hamilton Cybersecurity Essay -- Cyber Solutio

IntroductionDuring the process of analyzing an organizations effectiveness to manage cyber tribute risks, there are ranges of security policies that need to be implemented. A rosiness example of this concept is the cybersecurity policies developed for consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton. The direct partitioning formed to address the firms requirements within cyberspace is the Cyber Solution Network (CSN). The CSN division within Booz Allen Hamilton has a range of policies used to ensure the firm is protected against risk. Cybersecurity Policy Best PracticesThe use of cybersecurity policies within CSN is to ply security of the divisions assets. The written policies provide guidance on implementation, through references to applicable standards and statements of best practices (Booz Allen Hamilton, 2012). As stated by Control Data Corporation, there is no asset which can be 100% secure network security is often times focused on strategic prevention or reactive procedures, rather tha n examination of the security policy and maintaining the operation of it (1999). Therefore analysis indicates that numerous breaches are often due to reoccurring weaknesses in the policy. Even the most reliable, state-of-the-art technologies can be undermined or rendered ineffective by poor decisions, or by weak operational practices (Control Data Corporation, 1999, p. 3).The analysis conducted by Control Data Corporation (1999), provides a quality, and detailed assessment of adhering to cybersecurity policy. This analysis is organized into several different categories1)The Natural Weaknesses of Security PolicyThe recognition of natural weaknesses is critical for Booz Allen Hamiltons Cyber Security Network unit. The feat of neglectin... ...n of its assets.Works CitedBooz Allen Hamilton (2012). Booz Allen cyber solution network. Retrieved from http//www.boozallen.com/consulting/prepare-for-whats-next/cyber/cyber-solutions-networkBooz Allen Hamilton (2011, October 1). Lab Governanc e Policy. Retrieved from http//www.boozallen.comControl Data Corporation. (1999). Why security policies fail. Retrieved from http//www.scribd.com/doc/17220213/Why-Security-Policies-FailKabay, M. E., & Robertson, B. (2009). Security policy guidelines. In S. Bosworth, M. E. Kabay, & E. Whyne (Eds.), Computer security enchiridion (5th ed.). New York, NY John Wiley & Sons. NIST. U.S. Department of Commerce, (2009). National institute of standards and technology sp 800-53. Retrieved from website http//csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-53-Rev3/sp800-53-rev3-final_updated-errata_05-01-2010.pdf

New Grub Street as a Microcosm of English Victorian Life Essay

New Grub Street presents the reader with an accurate and comprehensive forecast of novel Victorian society, despite the fact that it predominantly focuses only on a small group of literary men and women. At first, one whitethorn have difficulty locating Gissings voice within the narrative. The perspective leaps from character to character, without establishing any clear candidates for the readers sympathies. Jasper Milvain is ambivalently portrayed, despite the fact that his moral and literary values were anathematic to Gissing. This is alone one example of ambiguity in a novel that is filled with confusion and inversions of the natural order. The world of New Grub Street is one where the unscrupulous Jasper Milvain triumphs, the median(a) Whelpdale stumbles upon commercial success, while others such as Edwin Reardon, Alfred Yule, and Harold Biffen undisputedly become casualties in the battle of life. What is Gissing trying to say about Victorian England? (Or is literary life h is furbish up intended subject?) Throughout this chaos of view-points are interwoven the themes of money, class, and sex. Yet it is precisely the ubiquity of these themes, and the prevalent disorder of the world that makes the novel reflective of late Victorian society. Whether or not Gissing intended his novel to be purely a study in the changing literary life of the late ordinal century, New Grub Street is effectively a microcosm of English life in the closing years of Victorias reign. New Grub Street depicts some of the consequences of the geomorphologic and compositional changes that were - and had been - taking place in the social and class structures of Victorian England. The increasing size of the middle class1, the reductions in working hours2, an... ... Unwin, London, 1968, p. 154. 5 Gross, John, The Rise and befall of the Man of Letters English Literary Life Since 1800, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1973, p. 220. 6 Altick, p. 61. 7 Gissing, George, New Grub Street, Wordswo rth, Hertfordshire, 1996, ch. XXXIV, p. 393. 8 Gross, p. 220. 9 Gissing, ch., XIV, p. 146. 10 Cited in Gross, pp. 220-1. 11 Ibid., p. 221. 12 Gissing, ch. XIV, p. 146. 13 Gross, p. 149. 14 Gissing, ch. XXXV, p. 402. 15 Ibid., p. 400. 16 Ibid., ch. XXXVII, p. 422. 17 Ibid., Introduction. 18 Ibid., ch. VII, p. 74. 19 Ibid., ch. XXXV, p. 401. 20 Ibid. 21 Ibid., ch. XIV, p. 151. 22 Ibid., ch. XXVII, p. 301. 23 Ibid. 24 Ibid., ch. XXXV, p. 403. 25 Fowles, John, The French Lieutenants Woman, Vintage, London, 1996, p. 445. 26 Ibid., p. 283. 27 Altick, p. 17.